Linux安装NGINX详细步骤
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一、nignx简介
1. 什么是nginx?
Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，在BSD-like 协议下发行。其特点是占有内存少，并发能力强，事实上nginx的并发能力在同类型的网页服务器中表现较好.
中国大陆使用nginx网站用户有：百度、京东、新浪、网易、腾讯、淘宝等。
nginx 是一个web服务器软件，搭建一个自己的网站（静态）
2. 优点:
Nginx 是一个很强大的高性能Web和反向代理服务，它具有很多非常优越的特性：
在连接高并发的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务不错的替代品：Nginx在美国是做虚拟主机生意的老板们经常选择的软件平台之一。能够支持高达 50,000 个并发连接数的响应，感谢Nginx为我们选择了 epoll and kqueue作为开发模型。
(1)Nginx可以作为负载均衡服务
(2)处理静态文件，索引文件以及自动索引
(3)无缓存的反向代理加速，简单的负载均衡和容错。
3.支持的操作系统:
FreeBSD 3— 10 / i386; FreeBSD 5— 10 / amd64;
Linux 2.2— 4 / i386; Linux 2.6— 4 / amd64; Linux 3— 4 / armv6l, armv7l, aarch64;
Solaris 9 / i386, sun4u; Solaris 10 / i386, amd64, sun4v;
AIX 7.1 / powerpc;
HP-UX 11.31 / ia64;
Mac OS X / ppc, i386;
Windows XP, Windows Server 2003,Windows 10
二、如何搭建自己的网站?
操作步骤:
1. yum方式安装nginx
[root@sc-docker ~]# yum install nginx -y
[root@sc-docker ~]# ps aux|grep nginx
root 19769 0.0 0.0 119180 2180 ? Ss 11:26 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx 19770 0.0 0.2 151836 8092 ? S 11:26 0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 19771 0.0 0.2 151836 8092 ? S 11:26 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 19773 0.0 0.0 12348 1144 pts/1 S+ 11:26 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@sc-docker ~]# ss -anplut|grep nginx
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* users:(("nginx",pid=19771,fd=8),("nginx",pid=19770,fd=8),("nginx",pid=19769,fd=8))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:* users:(("nginx",pid=19771,fd=9),("nginx",pid=19770,fd=9),("nginx",pid=19769,fd=9))
显示IP地址
[root@sc-docker ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:c9:31:57 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.17/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft 79036sec preferred_lft 79036sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec9:3157/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:b9:9b:8f:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2. 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@sc-docker ~]# service firewalld stop 立马关闭防火墙
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@sc-docker ~]# systemctl disable firewalld 设置firewalld开机不启动
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@sc-docker ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@sc-docker ~]# setenforce 0
[root@sc-docker ~]#
进入nginx存放网页的目录
[root@sc-docker ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@sc-docker html]#
[root@sc-docker html]# ls
404.html 50x.html index.html nginx-logo.png poweredby.png
[root@sc-docker html]#
[root@sc-docker html]# yum install vim -y
index.html -->首页 --》打开网站看到的第1个页面
**
问题: 其他的页面我怎么看到呢？
**
[root@sc-docker html]# yum install lrzsz -y
注意：图片需要上传
feng.jpg xiong.jpg
[root@sc-docker html]# ls
feng.jpg index.html sc.html xiong.jpg
[root@sc-docker html]# cat index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>sanchuang</title>
</head>
<body>
<p> name: cali </p>
<p>sex :male </p>
<p>phoneNO:18908495097</p>
<img src=feng.jpg>
<a href=sc.html>sanchuang</a>
</body>
</html>
[root@sc-docker html]# cat sc.html
<html>
<head>
<title>sanchuang</title>
</head>
<body>
<p> name: xiaoxiongxiong </p>
<p>sex :male </p>
<p>phoneNO:18908495099</p>
<img src=xiong.jpg>
<a href=http://www.baidu.com>girl</a>
</body>
</html>
[root@sc-docker html]#
**
3. 编译安装–》脚本安装
使用docker 容器，启动一个nginx web服务器
mkdir /web
cp /usr/share/nginx/html/* /web
docker run --name sc-nginx-1 -v /web:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d -p 8080:80 daocloud.io/nginx
docker run 启动容器
--name sc-nginx-2 指定容器的名字
-v /web:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro 数据卷：
可以实现宿主机和容器直接的数据共享
/web 是宿主机里的目录，需要自己新建
/usr/share/nginx/html 是容器里的系统的目录的路径
ro 只读
-d 在后台启动一个容器进程 deamon
-p 端口的映射 ： iptables的DNAT 8080：80 访问宿主机的8080端口，
转发到容器里的80端口
daocloud.io/nginx 到daocloud.io网站去下载nginx的镜像
**[root@sc-docker web]# docker run --name sc-nginx-1 -v /web:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d -p 8080:80 daocloud.io/nginx**
Unable to find image 'daocloud.io/nginx:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from nginx
6f28985ad184: Pull complete
29f7ebf60efd: Pull complete
879a7c160ac6: Pull complete
de58cd48a671: Pull complete
be704f37b5f4: Pull complete
158aac73782c: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:48d56bae87c65ca642b0a1d13c3dc97c4430994991e5531ff123f77cdf975fae
Status: Downloaded newer image for daocloud.io/nginx:latest
c48f5a35d9ee309418c05b93f3b1d284b97774e6db65558bc8b063e2ba3f0f3b
docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint sc-nginx-1 (507bcd56918341c93f073444cacbc9c4a5c52093279af373da258d90cf768c7f): (iptables failed: iptables --wait -t nat -A DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 8080 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.2:80 ! -i docker0: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name.
(exit status 1)).
**[root@sc-docker web]# iptables -L**
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)
target prot opt source destination
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[root@sc-docker web]# service docker restart 重启 docker 服务 ，会重新去添加docker自定义链在iptables里
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart docker.service
[root@sc-docker web]#
**[root@sc-docker web]# iptables -L**
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)
target prot opt source destination
DOCKER-USER all -- anywhere anywhere
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain DOCKER (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere 172.17.0.2 tcp dpt:http
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 all -- anywhere anywhere
RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
DROP all -- anywhere anywhere
RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere
Chain DOCKER-USER (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere
[root@sc-docker web]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
941f732279ee daocloud.io/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 57 seconds ago Up 55 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp sc-nginx-2
[root@sc-docker web]#
[root@sc-docker web]# ss -anplut|grep 8080
tcp LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* users:(("docker-proxy",pid=20882,fd=4))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 [::]:8080 [::]:* users:(("docker-proxy",pid=20888,fd=4))
[root@sc-docker web]#
**[root@sc-docker web]# docker run --name sc-nginx-3 -v /web:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d -p 8081:80 daocloud.io/nginx**
f7ae38be6dc68f414c893e795e2060f0c9ebd6c868b22c714fa1ba9b54e8ccd5
[root@sc-docker web]# docker run --name sc-nginx-4 -v /web:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -d -p 8082:80 daocloud.io/nginx
4fec16d613f1d8af5644061f935338e6c34f71521e68283e7a3711312d3f6dca
[root@sc-docker web]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4fec16d613f1 daocloud.io/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:8082->80/tcp, :::8082->80/tcp sc-nginx-4
f7ae38be6dc6 daocloud.io/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 13 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:8081->80/tcp, :::8081->80/tcp sc-nginx-3
941f732279ee daocloud.io/nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp sc-nginx-2
[root@sc-docker web]#
一个容器就是一个进程在支撑
[root@sc-docker web]# ps aux|grep docker
root 20722 0.1 2.4 1442892 92256 ? Ssl 11:58 0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
root 20882 0.0 0.3 1079020 14904 ? Sl 11:59 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8080 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 80
root 20888 0.0 0.2 1079276 10796 ? Sl 11:59 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 8080 -container-ip 172.17.0.2 -container-port 80
root 21031 0.0 0.2 1153008 10852 ? Sl 12:04 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8081 -container-ip 172.17.0.3 -container-port 80
root 21038 0.0 0.1 1079020 4704 ? Sl 12:04 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 8081 -container-ip 172.17.0.3 -container-port 80
root 21144 0.0 0.1 1079276 4824 ? Sl 12:05 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip 0.0.0.0 -host-port 8082 -container-ip 172.17.0.4 -container-port 80
root 21150 0.0 0.1 1079020 4816 ? Sl 12:05 0:00 /usr/bin/docker-proxy -proto tcp -host-ip :: -host-port 8082 -container-ip 172.17.0.4 -container-port 80
root 21248 0.0 0.0 12348 1096 pts/1 R+ 12:06 0:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@sc-docker web]#
总结:
1.nginx在国内的应用场景比较多,支持地操作系统也比较多,
尤其是一些TOP10的互联网公式,它的重要性不言而喻.
2.对于实验的操作还是要多动手去写,这样才能有更加深刻地体会.
3.如果你看到这里了,麻烦👍 + 关注哈,感谢支持,码字不易,谢谢理解.
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