实验四 继承与派生
一、实验目的及要求
掌握派生类的定义方法和实现,正确访问继承层次中的各种类成员。
掌握继承机制中派生类的构造函数和析构函数的执行顺序。
掌握运算符重载的方法。
二、实验环境
硬件要求:计算机一台。
软件要求:Windows操作系统,Dev-C++或VC++ 6.0编译环境
三、实验内容
1. 设计一个基类:学生类(Student),采用单重继承的方式派生出一个研究生类(PostGraduate)
(1)Student类中包含:学号、姓名、年龄、性别、家庭地址、所属院系等。
(2)要求在PostGraduate类中增加导师(tutor)、津贴(allowance)、研究方向(research)。
(3)两个类中都包含:display()函数,用于输出本类中的成员信息。
(4)重载输出运算符“<<”,使得研究生对象的信息可以直接通过cout显示。
可以用如下代码测试所建立的类是否正确。
int main()
{
Student s1(“20190001”, “Michael”, “19”, “Male”, “机场路10号”, “Computer Science”);
//参数分别为:学号,姓名,年龄,性别,家庭地址和所属院系
s1.display();
PostGraduate p1(……);//导师:“Liu”,津贴:“1000”,研究方向:“Deep learning”
p1.display();
cout<<p1<<endl;
return 0;
}
这次实验才刚刚步入面向对象程序开发的大门,难度不算太大,只要基础打牢,很快就能解决问题。话不多说,上代码:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Student {
public:
Student(string number,string name,string age,string sex,string address,string department) {
m_number = number;
m_name = name;
m_age = age;
m_sex = sex;
m_address = address;
m_department = department;
}
~Student(){
}
void display() {
cout << "学号:" << m_number << ",姓名:" + m_name + ",年龄:" << m_age << ",性别:" + m_sex << endl;
cout << "家庭地址:" + m_address + ",所属院系:" + m_department << endl;
}
protected:
string m_number; //学号
string m_name; //姓名
string m_age; //年龄
string m_sex; //性别
string m_address; //家庭地址
string m_department; //所属院系
};
class PostGraduate:public Student {
private:
string m_tutor; //导师
string m_allowance; //津贴
string m_research; //研究方向
public:
PostGraduate(string number, string name, string age, string sex, string address, string department,string tutor, string allowance, string research)
:Student(number, name, age, sex, address, department) ,m_tutor(tutor),m_allowance(allowance),m_research(research){}
void display() {}
friend void operator<<(ostream& cout,PostGraduate& p);
};
void operator<<(ostream& cout,PostGraduate& p) {
cout <<"学号:" + p.m_number +",姓名:" +p.m_name + ",年龄:" +p.m_age + ",性别:" + p.m_sex << endl;
cout <<"家庭地址:" << p.m_address + ",所属院系:" + p.m_department << endl;
cout <<"导师:" + p.m_tutor << ",津贴:" <<p.m_allowance << ",研究方向:" + p.m_research << endl;
}
int main()
{
Student s1("20190001", "Michael", "19", "Male", "机场路10号", "Computer Science");
//参数分别为:学号,姓名,年龄,性别,家庭地址和所属院系
s1.display();
PostGraduate p1("20190001", "Michael", "19", "Male", "机场路10号","Computer Science",
"Liu","1000","Deep learning");//导师:"Liu",津贴:"1000",研究方向:"Deep learning"
p1.display();
cout << p1;
return 0;
}