[C++]std::distance

std::distance：计算 first 和 last 之间的元素个数（也可以说成是距离）

template<class InputIterator>
  typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type	//从traits取得迭代器型别
    distance (InputIterator first, InputIterator last);

如果传入的是 random-access iterator，就会使用 - 运算符来计算；其他种类的迭代器只能通过不断 ++ 来计算。

参数：

• first：指向第一个元素的迭代器
• last：指向最后一个元素的迭代器，从 first 必须可以走到 last

#include <iostream>     // std::cout
#include <iterator>     // std::distance
#include <list>         // std::list

int main () {
  std::list<int> mylist;
  for (int i=0; i<10; i++) mylist.push_back (i*10);

  std::list<int>::iterator first = mylist.begin();
  std::list<int>::iterator last = mylist.end();

  std::cout << "The distance is: " << std::distance(first,last) << '\n';

  return 0;
}

Output:

The distance is: 10

#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>
 
int main() 
{
    std::vector<int> v{ 3, 1, 4 };
    std::cout << "distance(first, last) = "
              << std::distance(v.begin(), v.end()) << '\n'
              << "distance(last, first) = "
              << std::distance(v.end(), v.begin()) << '\n';
               //the behavior is undefined (until C++11)
 
    static constexpr auto il = { 3, 1, 4 };
    // Since C++17 distance can be used in constexpr context.
    static_assert(std::distance(il.begin(), il.end()) == 3);
    static_assert(std::distance(il.end(), il.begin()) == -3);
}

Output:

distance(first, last) = 3
distance(last, first) = -3

代码来源：https://www.cplusplus.com/reference/iterator/distance/?kw=distance