Windows下文件事件监控

对于经常变化的文件，会采用定时器去读取文件，然后比较文件是否有变更；如果文件更新频率高而且定时器时间短，会占用大量机器资源。特别是当定时时间较短，文件本身更新频率远远小于定时器时间时。

采用操作系统提供的文件变化事件降低对资源的浪费。

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>

int main() {
    // 监控文件
    LPCWSTR filePath = L"D:\\it\\windows\\file_modify_moniter\\file_modify_moniter\\1.txt";
    HANDLE hFile;
    while (1)
    {
        hFile = CreateFile(filePath,
            FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | SYNCHRONIZE,
            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
            NULL,
            OPEN_EXISTING,
            FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
            NULL);

        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to open file: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;
            Sleep(3000);  // 休眠1秒
            continue;
        }
        break;
    }
    std::cout << "Sucessed to open directory: " << "D:\\it\\windows\\file_modify_moniter\\file_modify_moniter\\1.txt" << std::endl;

    HANDLE hDirectory;
    while (1)
    {
        hDirectory = CreateFile(L"D:\\it\\windows\\file_modify_moniter\\file_modify_moniter",
            FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
            NULL,
            OPEN_EXISTING,
            FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
            NULL);

        if (hDirectory == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
            std::cerr << "Failed to open directory: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;
            CloseHandle(hFile);
            Sleep(3000);  // 休眠1秒
            continue;
        }
        break;
    }
    std::cout << "Sucessed to open directory: " << "D:\\it\\windows\\file_modify_moniter\\file_modify_moniter" << std::endl;

    BYTE buffer[4096];
    DWORD bytesReturned;

    while (true) {
        if (!ReadDirectoryChangesW(hDirectory,
            buffer,
            sizeof(buffer),
            FALSE,
            FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME | FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE,
            &bytesReturned,
            NULL,
            NULL)) {
            std::cerr << "Error reading directory changes: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;
            Sleep(3000);  // 休眠1秒
            continue;
        }
        std::cout << "Sucessed reading directory changes: " << "D:\\it\\windows\\file_modify_moniter\\file_modify_moniter" << std::endl;

        PFILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION pNotifyInfo = reinterpret_cast<PFILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION>(buffer);

        while (true) {
            // 处理文件变化事件
            // 根据pNotifyInfo指向的文件变化信息做相应处理

            if (pNotifyInfo->Action == FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED && std::wstring(pNotifyInfo->FileName, pNotifyInfo->FileNameLength / sizeof(wchar_t)) == L"1.txt") {
                std::cout << "File modified.\n";
                // 处理文件修改事件的逻辑
            }

            if (pNotifyInfo->NextEntryOffset == 0)
                break;

            pNotifyInfo = reinterpret_cast<PFILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION>(reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(pNotifyInfo) + pNotifyInfo->NextEntryOffset);
        }
    }

    CloseHandle(hDirectory);
    CloseHandle(hFile);
    return 0;
}