抽象类abstract class

抽象类

抽象类不能实例化（创建实例对象），只能靠子类实现其中的方法。

抽象类中可以包含字段和普通（具体）方法，但抽象方法必须属于抽象类

public abstract class Person {
    private String name;//抽象类中可以包含字段
    
    public Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    //抽象方法，只有方法名，没有方法体。必须属于抽象类。
    public abstract String getDescription();
	
    //抽象类中可以包含具体方法
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

public class Student extends Person {
    private String major;

    public Student(String name,String major) {
        super(name);
        this.major = major;
    }

    @Override //实现父类抽象方法
    public String getDescription() {
        return super.getName()+" major in "+major;
    }
}

可以定义一个抽象类的对象变量，但是这样一个变量只能引用非抽象子类的对象。

Person p = new Student("xiaoming","Economics");

将子类对象填充到父类引用数组

public abstract class Person {
    private String name;

    public Person(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract String getDescription();

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

public class Student extends Person {
    private String major;

    public Student(String name,String major) {
        super(name);
        this.major = major;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return super.getName()+" major in "+this.major;
    }
}

public class Employee extends Person{
    private int salary;

    public Employee(String name,int salary) {
        super(name);
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return super.getName()+" with a salary of "+this.salary;
    }
}

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person[] people = new Person[2];
        people[0] = new Student("xiaoming","economics");
        people[1] = new Employee("daming",5000);

        for(Person p:people){
            System.out.println(p.getDescription());
        }
    }
}

如果仅在子类中定义getDescription方法，就不能在变量p上调用getDescription方法。编译器只允许调用在类中声明的方法。