绘制时钟(电子+钟表)
前言
确实参考了很多资料才做出来,我尽量把那些资料没有说明详细的地方补充完整~
一、效果展示
大致是这样的效果~喜欢看球,所以选了利指导的读表时刻 ~
不是很精致~
二、绘制时针、分针、秒针
逐步解读
-
QTime time=QTime::currentTime()
返回系统时钟报告的当前时间。 -
painter->save();
{ }
painter->restore();
QPainter是一个状态机。那么,有时我想保存下当前的状态:当我临时绘制某些图像时,就可能想这么做。当然,我们有最原始的办法:将可能改变的状态,比如画笔颜色、粗细等,在临时绘制结束之后再全部恢复。对此,QPainter提供了内置的函数:save()和restore()。save()就是保存下当前状态;restore()则恢复上一次保存的结果。这两个函数必须成对出现:QPainter使用栈来保存数据,每一次save(),将当前状态压入栈顶,restore()则弹出栈顶进行恢复。 -
painter->rotate(度数)。
-
painter->drawConvexPolygon()画指针的函数,这里是画一个多边形指针。一开始得构建几个点来绘图,我试了下,感觉参数都不重要,随便几个点甚至点的个数都可以不确定,就只有些许粗细长短之分。
const QPoint Widget::hourhand[4]={
QPoint(5,5),QPoint(0,13),QPoint(-5,5),QPoint(0,-40)
};
const QPoint Widget::minutehand[4]={
QPoint(3,5),QPoint(0,16),QPoint(-3,5),QPoint(0,-70)
};
const QPoint Widget::secondhand[4]={
QPoint(0,0),QPoint(0,0),QPoint(0,0),QPoint(0,0)
};
- painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing,true);这是个反走样的函数,就去指针的边缘化。我也不是很懂~。
*这个部分找了很多资料才理解,看帮助也不是太懂哈~ painter.setWindow(rect())就是选择要放大的区域原本是多大。 - painter.setViewport(96,0,side,side);//映射到新的区域面积多大
painter.setWindow(0,0,230,230);//原本截取放大的面积区域多大
painter.setViewport(96,0,side,side);//映射到新的区域面积多大
- 因为原本圆心部位画的图只能展示出一部分,要把圆心重新设置
painter.translate(100,100);;//重新设定坐标原点
- 这部分主要代码
void Widget::drawhourhand(QPainter*painter)
{
QTime time=QTime::currentTime();
painter->setBrush(Qt::blue);//画刷,填充
painter->setPen(Qt::Dense7Pattern);//画笔,制作廓线
painter->save();
painter->rotate(30.0*(time.hour()+time.minute()/60));//使得指针旋转到当前时间位置
painter->drawConvexPolygon(hourhand,4);;//绘制时针(凸多边形)
painter->restore();//与save连着用 绘制图形后复位坐标系
}
void Widget::drawminutehand(QPainter*painter)
{
QTime time=QTime::currentTime();
painter->setBrush(Qt::white);
painter->setPen(Qt::Dense5Pattern);
painter->save();
painter->rotate(6.0*(time.minute()+time.second()/60.0));
painter->drawConvexPolygon(minutehand,4);
painter->restore();
}
void Widget::drawsecondhand(QPainter*painter)
{
QTime time=QTime::currentTime();
painter->setBrush(Qt::red);
painter->setPen(Qt::Dense5Pattern);
painter->save();
painter->rotate(6*time.second());
painter->drawPolygon(minutehand,4);
painter->restore();
}
三、绘制表盘
逐步解读
- 一开始先设置QPen 两个笔一个笔专门来画每小时的大粗线,另一个画细线。
- Qt::AlignHCenter|Qt::AlignTop 文字位置,正底下。
- 同样要save 和restore保存恢复
- 主要代码
void Widget::drawclockdial(QPainter*painter)
{
hourhandpen.setColor(Qt::white);
hourhandpen.setWidth(2.0);//设置小时刻度线为粗黑
minutehandpen.setColor(Qt::white);
for(int i=1;i<=60;i++)
{
painter->save();
painter->rotate(6*i);
if(i%5==0)
{
painter->setPen(hourhandpen);
painter->drawLine(0,-98,0,-82);
painter->drawText(-20,-82,40,40,Qt::AlignHCenter|Qt::AlignTop,QString::number(i/5));
}
else
{
painter->setPen(minutehandpen);
painter->drawLine(0,-98,0,-88);
}
painter->restore();
}
}
三、绘制电子时钟
*实现代码
QString timeStr= QTime::currentTime().toString(); //绘制当前的电子时间
painter.setPen(Qt::white);
painter.drawText(-20,30,80,30,0,timeStr);
四、实现界面刷新(时间走动)
*信号槽机制
QTimer*timer=new QTimer(this);
timer->start(1000);
connect(timer,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(update()));
五、字体设置
- 稍微提一下这个QFont头文件专门设置字体的
font.setPixelSize(10);
setFont(font);
五、易错点归纳
- QTimer 和 QTime两个头文件一个是时钟触发器用来刷新界面使得指针转动,另一个是获取系统时间的头文件
- 要先确立放大区域和重新确定原点再来以此为基础绘制。
#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
QWidget(parent),
ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
font.setPixelSize(10);
setFont(font);
setWindowTitle("THE CLOCK");
resize(1200,820);
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
delete ui;
}
const QPoint Widget::hourhand[4]={
QPoint(5,5),QPoint(0,13),QPoint(-5,5),QPoint(0,-40)
};
const QPoint Widget::minutehand[4]={
QPoint(3,5),QPoint(0,16),QPoint(-3,5),QPoint(0,-70)
};
const QPoint Widget::secondhand[4]={
QPoint(0,0),QPoint(0,0),QPoint(0,0),QPoint(0,0)
};
void Widget::drawhourhand(QPainter*painter)
{
QTime time=QTime::currentTime();
painter->setBrush(Qt::blue);//画刷,填充
painter->setPen(Qt::Dense7Pattern);//画笔,制作廓线
painter->save();
painter->rotate(30.0*(time.hour()+time.minute()/60));//使得指针旋转到当前时间位置
painter->drawConvexPolygon(hourhand,4);;//绘制时针(凸多边形)
painter->restore();//与save连着用 绘制图形后复位坐标系
}
void Widget::drawminutehand(QPainter*painter)
{
QTime time=QTime::currentTime();
painter->setBrush(Qt::white);
painter->setPen(Qt::Dense5Pattern);
painter->save();
painter->rotate(6.0*(time.minute()+time.second()/60.0));
painter->drawConvexPolygon(minutehand,4);
painter->restore();
}
void Widget::drawsecondhand(QPainter*painter)
{
QTime time=QTime::currentTime();
painter->setBrush(Qt::red);
painter->setPen(Qt::Dense5Pattern);
painter->save();
painter->rotate(6.0*time.second());
painter->drawPolygon(minutehand,4);
painter->restore();
}
void Widget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent*event)
{
QPainter painter(this);
QTimer*timer=new QTimer(this);
timer->start(1000);
connect(timer,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(update()));
QPixmap map(":/new/prefix1/timg (1).jfif");
QRect q(0,0,1200,800);//截取这么大的面积
QRect q2(0,0,width(),height());//放到指定大小的框中
painter.drawPixmap(q2,map,q);
painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing,true);//反走样
int side=qMin(width(),height());
painter.setWindow(0,0,230,230);//原本截取放大的面积区域多大
painter.setViewport(96,0,side,side);//映射到新的区域面积多大
painter.translate(100,100);//重新设定坐标原点
drawhourhand(&painter);
drawminutehand(&painter);
drawsecondhand(&painter);
drawclockdial(&painter);
QString timeStr= QTime::currentTime().toString(); //绘制当前的电子时间
painter.setPen(Qt::white);
painter.drawText(-20,30,80,30,0,timeStr);
painter.setBrush(Qt::black);
painter.drawEllipse(QPoint(0,0),3,3);//中间画个小圆点
// QTransform Transform;
// Transform.rotate(90);
// painter.setTransform(Transform);
painter.drawText(-53,-30,QStringLiteral("老子利指导,杀人先看表"));
}
void Widget::drawclockdial(QPainter*painter)
{
hourhandpen.setColor(Qt::white);
hourhandpen.setWidth(2.0);//设置小时刻度线为粗黑
minutehandpen.setColor(Qt::white);
for(int i=1;i<=60;i++)
{
painter->save();
painter->rotate(6*i);
if(i%5==0)
{
painter->setPen(hourhandpen);
painter->drawLine(0,-98,0,-82);//原点变了
painter->drawText(-20,-82,40,40,Qt::AlignHCenter|Qt::AlignTop,QString::number(i/5));
}
else
{
painter->setPen(minutehandpen);
painter->drawLine(0,-98,0,-88);
}
painter->restore();
}
}