Android基础知识整理（二）广播 BroadcastReceiver

一、广播类型

Android中广播分为标准广播和有序广播。
Normal broadcasts
ordered broadcasts

标准广播异步执行，所有广播接收器几乎同一时刻接受到广播消息，它们之间没有先后顺序，无法被截断

有序广播同步执行，同一时刻只有一个广播接收器能够接收到发出的广播消息，优先级高的广播接收器会先接收到广播消息，前面的广播接收器能截断正在传递的广播。

二、广播接收器的注册

动态注册：即在代码中注册
例：

package com.example.somedemos;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private IntentFilter intentFilter;
    private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");
        registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
    }
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //注销广播接收器
        unregisterReceiver(networkChangeReceiver);
    }
    class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            ConnectivityManager connectionManager = (ConnectivityManager) getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
            NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectionManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if(networkInfo!=null&&networkInfo.isAvailable()){
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is available",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

动态注册必须在程序启动后才能接受到广播，因为注册的逻辑是写在onCreate()方法中的，而静态注册可以让程序在未启动的情况下就能接收到广播。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.SomeDemos"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <!-- 注册器写在application标签后 !-->
        <receiver android:name=".BootCompleteReceiver" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
	</application>
</manifest>

三、广播的最佳实践

实现强制下线功能：
总是有些bug…跑通了再把代码放上来