【全志T113-S3_100ask】11-2编写驱动采集dht11数据(cdev、中断、锁
背景
在文章 https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46079439/article/details/126131667 中已经实现了一种方法采集dht11的数据，但是经反馈说采集不够稳定，经常读不到数据、DHT11无响应的现象，再次展开研究，参考 https://www.pudn.com/news/623fa4a92cfc38172120c913.html 并进行了改进。
（一）修改设备树
本文的设备树与上一节不完全一致，使用的依然是PD14，但是更加易读。
1、在根节点下添加：
/*添加DHT11的设备树文件*/
dht11 {
compatible = "dht-11";
pinctrl-names = "default";
pinctrl-1 = <&dht11_pin>;
dht11-gpios = <&pio PD 14 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
status = "okay";
2、在pio下添加：
&pio {
/*增加dht_11的pinctrl控制*/
dht11_pin: dht11_pin{
allwinner,pins = "PD14"; /*dht11的时钟和数据线接PD14上面*/
};
};
（二）编写驱动程序
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
#define DEV_DTS_NODE_PATH "/dht11" /* 设备树节点的路径，在根节点下 */
#define DEV_PIN_DTS_NAME "dht11-gpios" /* GPIO引脚的属性名 */
#define DEV_NAME "dht11" /* 设备名 /dev/dht11 */
#define DEV_DTS_COMPATIBLE "dht-11" /* 设备匹配属性 compatible */
#define DHT11_PIN dht11_dev.gpio
#define DHT11_IO_OUT() gpio_direction_output(DHT11_PIN, 1);
#define DHT11_IO_IN() gpio_direction_input(DHT11_PIN)
#define DHT11_WRITE(bit) gpio_set_value(DHT11_PIN, bit)
#define DHT11_READ() gpio_get_value(DHT11_PIN)
struct dht11
{
int gpio; /* gpio */
int irq;
dev_t dev_no; /* 设备号 */
struct cdev chrdev;
struct class *class;
spinlock_t lock;
};
struct dht11 dht11_dev;
static int dht11_wait_for_ready(void)
{
int timeout = 400;
while (DHT11_READ() && timeout) /* 等待低电平到来 */
{
udelay(1);
--timeout;
}
if (!timeout)
{
printk("[failed1] timeout %d\n", __LINE__);
return -1; /* 超时 */
}
timeout = 1000;
while (!DHT11_READ() && timeout) /* 等待高电平到来 */
{
udelay(1);
--timeout;
}
if (!timeout)
{
printk("[failed2] timeout %d\n", __LINE__);
return -1; /* 超时 */
}
timeout = 1000;
while (DHT11_READ() && timeout) /* 等待高电平结束 */
{
udelay(1);
--timeout;
}
if (!timeout)
{
printk("[failed3] timeout %d\n", __LINE__);
return -1; /* 超时 */
}
return 0;
}
static int dht11_start(void)
{
DHT11_IO_OUT();
DHT11_WRITE(0);
mdelay(20);
DHT11_WRITE(1);
udelay(30);
DHT11_IO_IN(); /* 设置为输入 */
udelay(2);
if (dht11_wait_for_ready())
return -1;
return 0;
}
static int dht11_read_byte(unsigned char *byte)
{
unsigned char i;
unsigned char bit = 0;
unsigned char data = 0;
int timeout = 0;
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
{
timeout = 1000;
while (DHT11_READ() && timeout) /* 等待变为低电平 */
{
udelay(1);
--timeout;
}
if (!timeout)
{
printk("[failed] timeout %d\n", __LINE__);
return -1; /* 超时 */
}
timeout = 1000;
while (!DHT11_READ() && timeout) /* 等待变为高电平 */
{
udelay(1);
--timeout;
}
if (!timeout)
{
printk("[failed] timeout %d\n", __LINE__);
return -1; /* 超时 */
}
udelay(40);
bit = DHT11_READ();
data <<= 1;
if (bit)
{
data |= 0x01;
#if 0
timeout = 1000;
while (DHT11_READ() && timeout) /* 等待高电平结束 */
{
udelay(1);
--timeout;
}
if (!timeout)
{
printk("timeout %d\n", __LINE__);
return -1; /* 超时 */
}
#endif
}
// data <<= 1; /* 导致错误的原因 ： 移位要放前面，不能放在这里，若放在后面一旦获取最后一个位就会多移动一位导致数据不对 */
}
*byte = data;
return 0;
}
/* 使设备只能被一个进程打开 */
static int _drv_open(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
printk("[success] dht11 open\n");
return 0;
}
static ssize_t _drv_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int ret;
int i;
unsigned char data[5] = {0};
unsigned long flags;
if (size != 5)
return -EINVAL;
/* 关闭中断,防止时序被中断破坏 */
spin_lock_irqsave(&dht11_dev.lock, flags);
/* 启动信号 */
if (dht11_start() != 0)
{
printk("[failed] dht11 start failed\n");
ret = -EFAULT;
goto failed1;
}
/* 读出5字节数据 */
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
{
if (dht11_read_byte(&data[i]))
{
printk("[failed] data err\n");
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto failed1;
}
}
/* 打开中断 */
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dht11_dev.lock, flags);
/* 校验数据 */
if (data[4] != (data[0] + data[1] + data[2] + data[3]))
{
printk("[failed] check data failed\n");
ret = -EAGAIN;
goto failed1;
}
/* 将数据拷贝回用户空间 */
if (copy_to_user(buf, data, 5))
{
ret = -EFAULT;
goto failed1;
}
else
{
ret = 5;
}
return ret;
failed1:
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dht11_dev.lock, flags);
return ret;
}
static int _drv_release(struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
printk("[success] dht11 release\n");
return 0;
}
static struct file_operations drv_file_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = _drv_open,
.read = _drv_read,
.release = _drv_release,
};
/* 设备树的匹配列表 */
static struct of_device_id dts_match_table[] = {
{
.compatible = DEV_DTS_COMPATIBLE,
}, /* 通过设备树来匹配 */
};
static int _driver_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int err;
struct device *ds_dev;
struct device_node *dev_node;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
if (!node)
{
printk("dts node can not found!\r\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
dev_node = of_find_node_by_path(DEV_DTS_NODE_PATH); /* 找到dht11的设备树节点 */
if (IS_ERR(dev_node))
{
printk("dht11 DTS Node not found!\r\n");
return PTR_ERR(dev_node);
}
dht11_dev.gpio = of_get_named_gpio(dev_node, DEV_PIN_DTS_NAME, 0); /* 获取dht11的gpio编号 */
if (dht11_dev.gpio < 0)
{
printk("dht11-gpio not found!\r\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
err = gpio_request(dht11_dev.gpio, DEV_PIN_DTS_NAME);
if (err)
{
printk("gpio_request gpio is failed!\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
printk("dht11 gpio %d\n", dht11_dev.gpio);
/* 内核自动分配设备号 */
err = alloc_chrdev_region(&dht11_dev.dev_no, 0, 1, DEV_NAME);
if (err < 0)
{
pr_err("Error: failed to register mbochs_dev, err: %d\n", err);
goto failed3;
}
cdev_init(&dht11_dev.chrdev, &drv_file_ops);
cdev_add(&dht11_dev.chrdev, dht11_dev.dev_no, 1);
dht11_dev.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, DEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(dht11_dev.class))
{
err = PTR_ERR(dht11_dev.class);
goto failed1;
}
/* 创建设备节点 */
ds_dev = device_create(dht11_dev.class, NULL, dht11_dev.dev_no, NULL, DEV_NAME);
if (IS_ERR(ds_dev))
{ /* 判断指针是否合法 */
err = PTR_ERR(ds_dev);
goto failed2;
}
spin_lock_init(&dht11_dev.lock); /* 初始化自旋锁 */
printk("[success] dht11 probe success\r\n");
return 0;
failed2:
device_destroy(dht11_dev.class, dht11_dev.dev_no);
class_destroy(dht11_dev.class);
failed1:
unregister_chrdev_region(dht11_dev.dev_no, 1);
cdev_del(&dht11_dev.chrdev);
failed3:
gpio_free(dht11_dev.gpio);
return err;
}
static int _driver_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
device_destroy(dht11_dev.class, dht11_dev.dev_no);
class_destroy(dht11_dev.class);
unregister_chrdev_region(dht11_dev.dev_no, 1);
cdev_del(&dht11_dev.chrdev);
gpio_free(dht11_dev.gpio);
printk(KERN_INFO "[success] dht11 remove success\n");
return 0;
}
static struct platform_driver _platform_driver = {
.probe = _driver_probe,
.remove = _driver_remove,
.driver = {
.name = DEV_DTS_COMPATIBLE,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.of_match_table = dts_match_table, /* 通过设备树匹配 */
},
};
/* 入口函数 */
static int __init _driver_init(void)
{
int ret;
printk("dht11 %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
ret = platform_driver_register(&_platform_driver); //注册platform驱动
return ret;
}
/* 出口函数 */
static void __exit _driver_exit(void)
{
printk("dht11 %s\n", __FUNCTION__);
platform_driver_unregister(&_platform_driver);
}
module_init(_driver_init);
module_exit(_driver_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Fourth");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
（三）编写测试应用程序
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#define DEV_NAME "/dev/dht11"
typedef struct dht11
{
float temperature;
float humidity;
} DHT11;
void sleep_ms(unsigned int ms)
{
struct timeval delay;
delay.tv_sec = 0;
delay.tv_usec = ms * 1000;
select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &delay);
}
int getDht11(DHT11 *dht11_data)
{
int fd;
int ret;
/* 2. 打开文件 */
fd = open(DEV_NAME, O_RDONLY); // | O_NONBLOCK
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("[failed] can not open file %s, %d\n", DEV_NAME, fd);
return -1;
}
uint8_t dht11_temp_data[5];
int timeout = 5;
while (timeout)
{
ret = read(fd, dht11_temp_data, sizeof(dht11_temp_data)) == sizeof(dht11_temp_data);
if (ret)
{
sleep_ms(500);
ret = read(fd, dht11_temp_data, sizeof(dht11_temp_data)) == sizeof(dht11_temp_data);
if (ret)
{
dht11_data->temperature = dht11_temp_data[2] + (float)dht11_temp_data[3] / 10.00;
dht11_data->humidity = dht11_temp_data[0] + dht11_temp_data[1] / 10.00;
printf("[success] temperture %d.%d humi %d.%d\r\n", dht11_temp_data[2],
dht11_temp_data[3], dht11_temp_data[0], dht11_temp_data[1]);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
else
continue;
}
else
{
printf("[failed] tempget temp err %d\n", ret);
timeout--;
}
sleep_ms(500);
}
close(fd);
return -1;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
DHT11 dht11_data;
if (!getDht11(&dht11_data))
{
printf("!!! temp %.1f humi %.1f\n", dht11_data.temperature, dht11_data.humidity);
}
else
printf("read dht11 error\n");
return 0;
}
（四）参考Makefile
KERN_DIR = /disk/buildroot806/buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot/output/build/linux-origin_master
all:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o dht11_drv_test dht11_drv_test.c
clean:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
rm -rf modules.order
rm -f dht11_drv_test
obj-m += dht11_drv.o
（五）测试结果
# ls
dht11_drv.ko dht11_drv_test
# chmod 777 dht11_drv_test
# insmod dht11_drv.ko
[ 2004.596630] dht11 _driver_init
[ 2004.600557] dht11 gpio 110
[ 2004.604304] [success] dht11 probe success
# ./dht11_drv_test
[ 2008.430245] [success] dht11 open
[ 2008.982787] [success] dht11 release
temp 30.0 humi 61.0
至此，测试完毕，但是驱动程序中有bug待优化，比如读取数据的时候会存在数据的滞后性，导致第一次读取数据会发生错误。为保证调用时返回给函数是准确的数据，读取了两次，在一定程度上缓解了滞后性，但是根本问题未解决，有待优化。
End.
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