【全志T113-S3_100ask】2-编写第一个驱动
（1）开发环境
windows开发环境：VsCode
linux 开发环境：Ubuntu 18.04 环境参考
1、指定交叉编译
在buildroot 目录下发现两个 arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
root@znh-ubuntu:/disk/buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot# find ./* -name "*gnueabi-gcc"
./output/host/opt/ext-toolchain/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
./output/host/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
但 ./output/host/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc 是链接过去的
./output/host/opt/ext-toolchain/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc 是原始的
在这里我使用链接后的gcc
加载环境变量：
export PATH=$PATH:/disk/buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot/output/host/bin
export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
root@znh-ubuntu:~# export PATH=$PATH:/disk/buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot/output/host/bin
root@znh-ubuntu:~# export ARCH=arm
root@znh-ubuntu:~# export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
root@znh-ubuntu:~#
root@znh-ubuntu:~# arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v
使用内建 specs。
COLLECT_GCC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/disk/t113GitHub/eLinuxCore_100ask-t113-pro/toolchain/gcc-linaro-7.2.1-2017.11-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabi/bin/../libexec/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabi/7.2.1/lto-wrapper
目标：arm-linux-gnueabi
配置为：'/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/snapshots/gcc.git~linaro-7.2-2017.11/configure' SHELL=/bin/bash --with-mpc=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-mpfr=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gmp=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --disable-libmudflap --enable-lto --enable-shared --without-included-gettext --enable-nls --disable-sjlj-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --disable-libstdcxx-pch --enable-c99 --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-long-long --with-cloog=no --with-ppl=no --with-isl=no --disable-multilib --with-float=soft --with-mode=thumb --with-tune=cortex-a9 --with-arch=armv7-a --enable-threads=posix --enable-multiarch --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-build-sysroot=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/sysroots/arm-linux-gnueabi --with-sysroot=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/arm-linux-gnueabi/libc --enable-checking=release --disable-bootstrap --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,lto --build=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu --target=arm-linux-gnueabi --prefix=/home/tcwg-buildslave/workspace/tcwg-make-release/builder_arch/amd64/label/tcwg-x86_64-build/target/arm-linux-gnueabi/_build/builds/destdir/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
线程模型：posix
gcc 版本 7.2.1 20171011 (Linaro GCC 7.2-2017.11)
不想每次否加载可以写在自启动脚本
vim ~/.bashrc
（2）编写驱动
1、编写 helloword驱动 hello_drv.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
/* 1. 确定主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static char kernel_buf[1024];
static struct class *hello_class;
#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)
/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数，填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t hello_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = copy_to_user(buf, kernel_buf, MIN(1024, size));
return MIN(1024, size);
}
static ssize_t hello_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = copy_from_user(kernel_buf, buf, MIN(1024, size));
return MIN(1024, size);
}
static int hello_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
static int hello_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return 0;
}
/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations hello_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = hello_drv_open,
.read = hello_drv_read,
.write = hello_drv_write,
.release = hello_drv_close,
};
/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核：注册驱动程序 */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊？得有一个入口函数：安装驱动程序时，就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init hello_init(void)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
major = register_chrdev(0, "hello", &hello_drv); /* /dev/hello */
hello_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "hello_class");
err = PTR_ERR(hello_class);
if (IS_ERR(hello_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "hello");
return -1;
}
device_create(hello_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "hello"); /* /dev/hello */
return 0;
}
/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数：卸载驱动程序时，就会去调用这个出口函数 */
static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
device_destroy(hello_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(hello_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "hello");
}
/* 7. 其他完善：提供设备信息，自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
2、编写测试驱动文件 hello_drv_test.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/*
* ./hello_drv_test -w abc
* ./hello_drv_test -r
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
char buf[1024];
int len;
/* 1. 判断参数 */
if (argc < 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s -w <string>\n", argv[0]);
printf(" %s -r\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
/* 2. 打开文件 */
fd = open("/dev/hello", O_RDWR);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf("can not open file /dev/hello\n");
return -1;
}
/* 3. 写文件或读文件 */
if ((0 == strcmp(argv[1], "-w")) && (argc == 3))
{
len = strlen(argv[2]) + 1;
len = len < 1024 ? len : 1024;
write(fd, argv[2], len);
}
else
{
len = read(fd, buf, 1024);
buf[1023] = '\0';
printf("APP read : %s\n", buf);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
3、编写Makefile
# 1. 使用不同的开发板内核时, 一定要修改KERN_DIR
# 2. KERN_DIR中的内核要事先配置、编译, 为了能编译内核, 要先设置下列环境变量:
# 2.1 ARCH, 比如: export ARCH=arm64
# 2.2 CROSS_COMPILE, 比如: export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
# 2.3 PATH, 比如: export PATH=$PATH:/home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/ToolChain-6.3.1/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin
# 注意: 不同的开发板不同的编译器上述3个环境变量不一定相同,
# 请参考各开发板的高级用户使用手册
KERN_DIR = /disk/buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot/output/build/linux-d96275805a67d54998123d36e59108cb1ed52ad5
all:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules
$(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o hello_drv_test hello_drv_test.c
clean:
make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules clean
rm -rf modules.order
rm -f hello_drv_test
obj-m += hello_drv.o
关于 KERN_DIR ，本环境使用的是 buildroot ，通过GitHub把kernel下载下来的，源码在./buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot/dl/linux/git 下，但是该源码未经过编译，而上一节已经编译过 buildroot 生成镜像img了，那就是已经编译过了，但是指定该目录编译不了
真正的编译目录在
./buildroot-100ask_t113-pro/buildroot/output/build/linux-d96275805a67d54998123d36e59108cb1ed52ad5
（我不确实后面的字母数字是不是每个人一样）
（3）测试
将生成的 hello_drv.ko、hello_drv_test 放到开发板上
在这里使用 tftp 下载。（TFTP的搭建参考：链接）
但第一次使用系统没有连接网络（现在已经插入网线）
# ifconfig
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:6 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:603 (603.0 B) TX bytes:603 (603.0 B)
1、使用udhcpc 自动联网
# udhcpc
udhcpc: started, v1.35.0
[ 3538.458305] libphy: 4500000.eth: probed
[ 3538.462913] sunxi-gmac 4500000.eth eth0: eth0: Type(7) PHY ID 001cc816 at 0 IRQ poll (4500000.eth-0:00)
udhcpc: broadcasting discover
[ 3541.673890] sunxi-gmac 4500000.eth eth0: Link is Up - 100Mbps/Full - flow control off
[ 3541.682714] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
udhcpc: broadcasting discover
udhcpc: broadcasting select for 192.168.3.45, server 192.168.3.1
udhcpc: lease of 192.168.3.45 obtained from 192.168.3.1, lease time 604800
deleting routers
adding dns 192.168.3.1
2、通过 tftp 下载资源
# tftp -g -r hello_drv.ko 192.168.3.44
# tftp -g -r hello_drv_test 192.168.3.44
#
# ls
hello_drv.ko hello_drv_test
3、测试驱动
（1）加载驱动
# insmod hello_drv.ko
[ 3860.564181] hello_drv: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[ 3860.571552] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_init line 70
（2）查看驱动是否加载
# ls /dev/hello*
/dev/hello
# lsmod
Module Size Used by Tainted: G
hello_drv 16384 0
（3）添加权限
# chmod 777 ./hello_drv_test
（4）向驱动写入数据
# ./hello_drv_test -w abc
[ 3906.061995] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_drv_open line 45
[ 3906.069274] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_drv_write line 38
[ 3906.076579] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_drv_close line 51
（5）读取驱动数据
# ./hello_drv_test -r
[ 3913.268282] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_drv_open line 45
[ 3913.275535] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_drv_read line 30
APP read : abc
[ 3913.283024] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_drv_close line 51
（6）卸载驱动
# rmmod hello_drv
[ 4304.419170] /disk/vsCode/01_hello/hello_drv.c hello_exit line 90
# lsmod
Module Size Used by Tainted: G
sunxi_ce 57344 0
413
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