python图像基本处理

python图像基本处理方法

均值滤波

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# 1 图像读取
img = cv.imread('./Snipaste_2021-07-28_14-00-38.png')
# 2 均值滤波
blur = cv.blur(img,(5,5))
# 3 图像显示
plt.figure(figsize=(10,8),dpi=100)
plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(img[:,:,::-1]),plt.title('原图')
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(blur[:,:,::-1]),plt.title('均值滤波后结果')
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

中值滤波

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# 1 图像读取
img = cv.imread('./Snipaste_2021-07-28_14-00-38.png')
# 2 中值滤波
blur = cv.medianBlur(img,5)
# 3 图像展示
plt.figure(figsize=(10,8),dpi=100)
plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(img[:,:,::-1]),plt.title('原图')
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(blur[:,:,::-1]),plt.title('中值滤波后结果')
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

灰度图自适应均衡化

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv
# 1. 以灰度图形式读取图像
img = cv.imread('./Snipaste_2021-07-28_14-00-38.png',0)
# 2. 创建一个自适应均衡化的对象，并应用于图像
clahe = cv.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0, tileGridSize=(8,8))
cl1 = clahe.apply(img)
# 3. 图像展示
fig,axes=plt.subplots(nrows=1,ncols=2,figsize=(10,8),dpi=100)
axes[0].imshow(img,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
axes[0].set_title("原图")
axes[1].imshow(cl1,cmap=plt.cm.gray)
axes[1].set_title("自适应均衡化后的结果")
plt.show()

图片阈值处理

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

#全局阈值
def threshold_demo(image):
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)  #把输入图像灰度化
    #直接阈值化是对输入的单通道矩阵逐像素进行阈值分割。
    ret, binary = cv.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY | cv.THRESH_TRIANGLE)
    print("threshold value %s"%ret)
    cv.namedWindow("binary0", cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("binary0", binary)

#局部阈值
def local_threshold(image):
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)  #把输入图像灰度化
    #自适应阈值化能够根据图像不同区域亮度分布，改变阈值
    binary =  cv.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C,cv.THRESH_BINARY, 25, 10)
    cv.namedWindow("binary1", cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("binary1", binary)

#用户自己计算阈值
def custom_threshold(image):
    gray = cv.cvtColor(image, cv.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)  #把输入图像灰度化
    h, w =gray.shape[:2]
    m = np.reshape(gray, [1,w*h])
    mean = m.sum()/(w*h)
    print("mean:",mean)
    ret, binary =  cv.threshold(gray, mean, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY)
    cv.namedWindow("binary2", cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("binary2", binary)

src = cv.imread('./Snipaste_2021-07-20_17-09-53.png')
cv.namedWindow('input_image', cv.WINDOW_NORMAL) #设置为WINDOW_NORMAL可以任意缩放
cv.imshow('input_image', src)
threshold_demo(src)
# local_threshold(src)
# custom_threshold(src)
cv.waitKey(8000)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

二值图处理+形态学处理

import cv2
img=cv2.imread("./Snipaste_2021-07-28_14-00-38.png")
blur = cv.medianBlur(img,5)
gray=cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
#进行图像的二值化处理
ret,ee=cv2.threshold(gray,128, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY);
#创建矩形结构单元
g=cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT,(3,3))
#形态学处理,开运算
img_open=cv2.morphologyEx(ee,cv2.MORPH_OPEN,g)
cv2.imwrite("./Snipaste_2021-07-20_17-26-383.png", img_open)
cv2.imshow("./Snipaste_2021-07-20_17-26-383.png",img_open)
cv2.waitKey(8000)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()