命令行安装MySQL--Linux

1.实验目的与要求

1. 掌握mysql的安装和配置

2.实验条件

操作系统：Centos7

3.实验步骤

1）下载mysql

可去官网下载，本次试验我们使用mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
链接： mysql8
提取码：xttm
–来自百度网盘超级会员V5的分享

2）配置

添加组合用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

移动文件到/usr/local
mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local

切换到/usr/local
cd /usr/local

解压文件
tar -xzvf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

重命名
mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mysql

切换到mysql目录
cd /usr/local/mysql

创建data目录
mkdir data

切换到local目录
cd /usr/local

修改所属者为mysql
chown -R mysql mysql

修改所属组
chgrp -R mysql mysql

切换到mysql用户
su -mysql

切换到/usr/local/mysql目录
mkdir mysql_install_db
chmod 777 ./mysql_install_db

初始化mysql
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

从日志获取密码

修改/etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql 
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

[client]
   socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
   default-character-set=utf8 

/etc目录下如果有my.cnf.d(请忽略)
cd /etc
mkdir my.cnf.d
cd my.cnf.d
vi mysql-clients.cnf
将如下内容添加

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
# Use it for options that affect only one utility
#

[mysql]

[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap]

修改/etc/profile

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib

操作命令

cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld    

chkconfig --add mysqld

chkconfig  --list mysqld

service mysqld start

登录mysql，修改密码，增加权限

mysql -uroot -p+临时密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  //修改密码
flush privileges;//刷新
quit;

mysql -uroot -p123456
use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';  
update user set authentication_string = '123456'  where user='root' ;
create user 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
ALTER USER root IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
flush privileges;
quit;

服务器启停及状态

启动Mysql服务
service mysqld start

查看Mysql状态
service mysqld status

停止Mysql服务
service mysqld stop

MYSQL开机自启动及配置

终端及图形下自启动
chkconfig --add mysqld --level 35

查看MySQL启动级别
chkconfig –list mysqld

修改MySQL的密码
mysqladmin –uroot –p password 123456

附：
运行级别
0 关机
1 单用户
2 无网络多用户命令行
3 有网络多用户命令行
4 未定义
5 桌面
6 重启

Linux关闭防火墙

systemctl status firewalld.service //检查防火墙状态
systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service //永久关闭防火墙