IO流--字节流

字节流

• 字节流适合做一切文件数据的拷贝（音视频，文本）
• 字节流不适合读取中文内容输出
• 字符流适合做文本的操作（读和写）

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1. InputStream(抽象类)
   输入流

• FileInputStream
  • 构造方法：FileInputStream(String name)
  • 常用方法：public abstract int read()
  • public int read(byte[] b)

public abstract int read() 从inputStream中读取一个字节，如果没有字节可读，返回-1

InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test1.txt");

        int b=0;
        while ((b = inputStream.read())!= -1){
            System.out.println((char)b);
        }

public int read(byte[] b) 一次读取b的长度的字节，返回读取字节的数量，读取的字节暂存在b中，使用String的构造方法String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) 解析

        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test1.txt");

        //inputStream.readAllBytes()一次性读取全部字节

        byte[] buffer = new byte[3];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
            System.out.print(new String(buffer, 0, len));
        }

• BufferedInputStream
  • 构造器 BufferedInputStream(InputStream in)
  • 同InputStream类似，但是BufferedInputStream自带缓冲池，比较之读取速度更快

public void bufferedIOStreamTest(){
        try{
			InputStream is = new FileInputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test.txt");
            InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(is);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1){
                System.out.print(new String(buffer, 0, len));
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

• ObjectInputStream（对象字节输入流）
  • 构造方法：ObjectInputStream(InputStream in)
  • 常用方法：final Object readObject()
  • 对象逆序列化：把磁盘文件中暂存的对象取出实例化为对象

public void objectInputStreamTest(){
        try(
                ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\objectTest01.txt"));
        ) {
            Student s = (Student) objectInputStream.readObject();
            System.out.println(s);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

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2. OutputStream(抽象类)

• FileOutputStream
  • 常用构造器：FileOutputStream(String name)
  • void write(byte[] b)
  • void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
  • void write(int b)

    public void fileOutputStreamTest() throws Exception {
        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test2.txt");//先清空之前的数据，覆盖
        OutputStream os1 = new FileOutputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test2.txt",true);//追加管道，不会清除之前的数据
        //void write(int b)
        os.write(98);
        os.write('a');

        //void write(byte[] b)
        byte[] buffer1 = {'a',97,98};
        os.write(buffer1);
        byte[] buffer2 = "我爱中国！！".getBytes();
        os.write(buffer2);
        os.write("\r\n".getBytes());//换行
        //void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
        os.write(buffer1, 0, 2);


        //刷新数据，数据才生效，流可继续使用
        os.flush();
        os.write(buffer1, 0, 2);
        //释放资源，包括刷新，关闭后流不可继续使用
        os.close();

• BufferedOutputStream
  • 构造器：BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out)
  • 写方法：public void write(byte[] b,int off, int len)
  • 写方法：public void write(int b)

    public void bufferedIOStreamTest() throws Exception{
        try(
                OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\text.txt");
                OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(os);
        ) {
				out.write(98);
                byte[] buffer = {'a',97,98};
                out.write(buffer,0,buffer.length);
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

• ObjectOutputStream（对象字节输出流）
  • 构造方法：ObjectOutputStream(OutputStream out)
  • 声明为ObjectOutputStream 对象，以便可以调用ObjectOutputStream的独特方法：writeObject(Object obj)
  • 对象序列化：以内存为基准，把内存中的对象存储到磁盘文件中去，称为对象序列化
  • try(){}catch{}语法，使得在输出流运行完毕后自动调用close()方法，关闭流，节省空间

public void objectOutputStreamTest(){
        Student student = new Student("张三",18,"男");
        try(
                ObjectOutputStream o = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\objectTest01.txt"));

        ) {
            o.writeObject(student);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

• PrintStream
  • 构造方法：PrintStream(File file)
  • 构造方法：PrintStream(OutputStream out)
  • 构造方法：PrintStream(String fileName) （常用）
  • 常用方法：void print()可打印几乎所有类型数据

		PrintStream p = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test3.txt"));
        PrintStream p1 = new PrintStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test3.txt");
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test3.txt");
        p.print("lalala");
        p.flush();

应用（打印重定向）

 //打印流重定向
    public void test01() throws Exception{
        PrintStream p1 = new PrintStream("E:\\java_study\\demo3\\images\\test3.txt");
        System.setOut(p1);//把系统打印流改到自己文件
    }