实现cobbler+pxe自动化装机

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-18 18:39:23 发布

2719683191

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-18 18:39:23 发布

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文章标签：自动化 linux 运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46305318/article/details/122258369

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cobbler的下载和后续文件的下载都要依赖网络
作为cobbler服务端，需要配置的服务有httpd、cobblerd、dhcpd、tftp

关闭防火墙及selinux

[root@centos7 ~]$getenforce
Disabled
[root@centos7 ~]$systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)

配置yum源

[root@centos7 ~]$cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom                                           #以光盘挂载目录
gpgcheck=0

[epel]
name=EPEL
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

[root@centos7 ~]$yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                            repo name                                                   status
base                                                               CentOS                                                      10,097
epel/7/x86_64                                                      EPEL                                                        13,199
repolist: 23,296

安装必要的服务（httpd、cobbler、dhcp、tftp）

[root@centos7 ~]$yum install httpd cobbler dhcp tftp

启动服务，检查服务是否已经在监听端口（除dhcp不用此时启动）

[root@centos7 ~]$systemctl start httpd cobblerd tftp
[root@centos7 ~]$systemctl status httpd cobblerd tftp
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-03-05 20:37:07 CST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 7935 (httpd)
   Status: "Processing requests..."
    Tasks: 6
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─7935 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─7940 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─7941 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─7942 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─7943 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─7944 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Mar 05 20:37:06 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Mar 05 20:37:07 centos7 httpd[7935]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name,...message
Mar 05 20:37:07 centos7 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.

● cobblerd.service - Cobbler Helper Daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-03-05 20:37:06 CST; 8s ago
  Process: 7937 ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/touch /usr/share/cobbler/web/cobbler.wsgi (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 7936 (cobblerd)
    Tasks: 1
   CGroup: /system.slice/cobblerd.service
           └─7936 /usr/bin/python2 -s /usr/bin/cobblerd -F

Mar 05 20:37:06 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting Cobbler Helper Daemon...
Mar 05 20:37:06 centos7 touch[7937]: /usr/bin/touch: cannot touch ‘/usr/share/cobbler/web/cobbler.wsgi’: No such file or directory
Mar 05 20:37:06 centos7 systemd[1]: Started Cobbler Helper Daemon.

● tftp.service - Tftp Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service; indirect; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-03-05 20:37:09 CST; 5s ago
     Docs: man:in.tftpd
 Main PID: 7959 (in.tftpd)
    Tasks: 1
   CGroup: /system.slice/tftp.service
           └─7959 /usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /var/lib/tftpboot

Mar 05 20:37:09 centos7 systemd[1]: Started Tftp Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@centos7 ~]$ss -lpntt
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                     Local Address:Port  
                                  Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      5                              127.0.0.1:25151   
        *:*                   users:(("cobblerd",pid=7936,fd=9))
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::80  
           :::*                   users:(("httpd",pid=7944,fd=4),
("httpd",pid=7943,fd=4),("httpd",pid=7942,fd=4),("httpd",pid=7941,fd=4),
("httpd",pid=7940,fd=4),("httpd",pid=7935,fd=4))

cobbler配置检查，列出了向导文件，可以根据内容逐项修改

[root@centos7 ~]$cobbler check

[root@centos7 ~]$cd /etc/cobbler/
[root@centos7 cobbler]$ls                       #cdcp.template是cobbler自动生成dhcp配置文件的模板，需要修改  #settings是初始设置文件，需要修改
auth.conf       dhcp.template           iso           named.template  rsync.exclude       tftpd.template  zone.template
cheetah_macros  dnsmasq.template        ldap          power           rsync.template      users.conf      zone_templates
cobbler_bash    genders.template        modules.conf  pxe             secondary.template  users.digest
completions     import_rsync_whitelist  mongodb.conf  reporting       settings            version

生成一个口令备用
（默认口令为cobbler，安全相关，可以不做）

[root@centos7 cobbler]$openssl passwd -1
Password: 
Verifying - Password:
$1$WvbdgCeW$Kmh2VCeHA8Q89kWNbNrP80

修改cobbler设置

[root@centos7 cobbler]vim settings
101 default_password_crypted: "$1$WvbdgCeW$Kmh2VCeHA8Q89kWNbNrP80"     #cobbler密码，复制上面口令生成的md5值
242 manage_dhcp: 1                                                     #默认0是不创建dhcp配置文件
278 next_server: 192.168.44.105                                        #本机ip地址设为服务端
390 server: 192.168.44.105                                             #本机ip地址设为服务端

重启服务

[root@centos7 cobbler]$systemctl restart cobblerd

修改dhcp配置

[root@centos7 cobbler]$vim dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.44.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {                           #子网范围
     option routers             192.168.44.2;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.44.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.44.50 192.168.44.55;          #自动分配的地址池的范围                                                           
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

[root@centos7 cobbler]$systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@centos7 cobbler]$cobbler sync                                  #同步cobbler
[root@centos7 cobbler]$systemctl start dhcpd

网络下载bootloader文件，同步cobbler

[root@centos7 cobbler]$cobbler get-loaders
[root@centos7 cobbler]$cobbler sync

创建cobbler的yum源

[root@centos7 cobbler]$cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=CentOS7.6-x86_64 --arch=x86_64 #路径为本地光盘挂载目录
task started: 2020-03-05_205800_import                                                        #实质是将指定的系统源文件往cobbler里面复制一遍
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Mar  5 20:58:00 2020)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS7.6-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS7.6-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS7.6-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64 for CentOS7.6-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.6-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@centos7 cobbler]$cobbler profile list                                                 #查看菜单选择项
   CentOS7.6-x86_64
[root@centos7 cobbler]$cobbler distro list
   CentOS7.6-x86_64

准备kickstart文件

[root@centos7 html]$mv ks7_mini.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/              
[root@centos7 html]$cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@centos7 kickstarts]$ls
default.ks    install_profiles  pxerescue.ks         sample_esx4.ks   sample_esxi6.ks  sample.seed
esxi4-ks.cfg  ks7_mini.cfg      sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi4.ks  sample.ks        sample.seed.28
esxi5-ks.cfg  legacy.ks         sample_end.ks        sample_esxi5.ks  sample_old.seed
[root@centos7 kickstarts]$vim ks7_mini.cfg                                   #修改应答文件
10 url --url=$tree                                                           #tree是cobbler服务自带的选项，可以自动按配置查找路径
[root@centos7 kickstarts]$cobbler profile add --name CentOS7.6-x86_64_mini --distro=CentOS7.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks7_mini.cfg
[root@centos7 html]cobbler sync                                              #又添加了一个自己配置的mini系统安装包
[root@centos7 ~]$tree /var/lib/tftpboot/
/var/lib/tftpboot/
├── boot
│?? └── grub
│??     └── menu.lst
├── etc
├── grub
│?? ├── efidefault
│?? ├── grub-x86_64.efi
│?? ├── grub-x86.efi
│?? └── images -> ../images
├── images
├── images2
├── memdisk
├── menu.c32
├── ppc
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
│?? └── default
├── s390x
│?? └── profile_list
└── yaboot

10 directories, 10 files

测试阶段：
准备全新的虚拟机
在这里插入图片描述
出现选择界面，第二项是cobbler自动生成的默认选项，第三项是自定义的

出现分区和安装包

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实现cobbler+pxe自动化装机

cobbler的下载和后续文件的下载都要依赖网络作为cobbler服务端，需要配置的服务有httpd、cobblerd、dhcpd、tftp关闭防火墙及selinux[root@centos7 ~]$getenforceDisabled[root@centos7 ~]$systemctl status firewalld● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/sys
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实现cobbler+pxe自动化装机

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