Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片

1.原文

2. 参考译文

3. New words and expressions

★send v. 寄, 送

• send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送(寄)东西
• send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车
  take flowers to his wife 自己送
  send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送

★postcard n. 明信片

• 两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
  name card /visiting card 名片
  Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作) ID card 身份证 (ID 身份)
  credit card 信用卡
  cash card 现金卡储蓄卡工资卡(不能透支)

★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏

• ① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋
  The rain spoiled the school sports.
• ② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱
  Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。
• spoil: 把东西质量变差; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱；
  break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃
  damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重
  destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁
  以上三个指物理上的破坏;spoil主要指精神上的

★museum n. 博物馆Palace Museum 故宫

★public adj. 公共的

• ① adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的
  There is a public library in this town.
  I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.
• ② adj. 公开的，众人皆知的
  Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.
  public house(酒吧简称pub public place 公共场所
  in public 公开的；in private 私下里的
  Let’s have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?–Why not have a conversation in public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)
• ③ n. 公众，群众，大众
  The public is/are pleased with his explanation. 公The museum is open to the public on Sunday.

★friendly adj. 友好的

• friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作状语表人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
  He always greets me in a friendly way.
• 以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly

★waiter n. 服务员, 招待员

• waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员), 只出现在餐馆里chief waiter 领班
• shop assistant 商店里的店员
• attendant n. (其他公共场所的)服务员

★lend v. 借给

• lend to(借出)：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
• borrow from(借进)：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. (borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.)
  He borrowed my pen yesterday.

★decision n. 决定

• make /take a decision作出决定
  It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.
• make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定

★whole adj. 整个的

• a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
• the whole…，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整两星期
• all the…，all the day (the可省略) 整天
• all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the
  all of us；all of the students

★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的反义词double 双倍的

4. 课文讲解

• 1、Last summer, I went to Italy.
  last：① adj. 上一个last summer
  ② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the
  the last day 最后一天 (具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on)
• 2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
  Italian于Italy 注意重读音的位置不同
  teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事
  He teaches our English.(错)He teaches us English.(对)
  语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian
  I can speak a little English/a few words of English.
  a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of(一些，少数几个)的意思。
  The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。
• 3、Every day I thought about postcards.
  think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到
  What do you think of TV program last night?
  think over 仔细考虑，反复思考
  What’s the weather like today?
  cold, chilly(非常非常冷), freeze
  I’ll freeze.我要冻僵了
• 4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
  spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花(时间)”、“度过”. spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间
  I spend three hours in the sea.
  I spend my weekend at my mother’s.
  I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)
  spend还可以表示“花钱”
  I can’t spend any more on this car.

5. Key structures

一般过去时
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?
Yes, I caught a cold last winter.

6. Special Difficulties

直接宾语与间接宾语

• 双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人做)或“for”(表示动作为什么人而做)。give sb. sth./give sth to sb
• 间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to
  与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe
  take flowers to my wife.
  与for相连的 buy, order, make, find
  I buy a book for you ./make a cake for you
  find sth. for sb./do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
  Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我个忙
  Can I order something for you?
  Can I buy you a bottle of beer ?我请你喝杯酒的意思