Lesson 40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈

1.原文

2. 参考译文

3. New words and expressions

★hostess n. 女主人
host n. 男主人；v. 作为主人, 主办
actor n. 男演员； actress n. 女演员
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的(un+smiling, 但并不一定表示“严肃”)serious adj.严肃的, 认真的, 严重的
★tight adj. 紧身的
tight jeans 紧身牛仔裤
The shoes are small/tight. (夹脚, 很紧)
tights n. 贴身衬衣, 紧身衣, 女用连裤袜
★fix ① v. 使……固定、安装
She fixed a handle on the door.
fix on 使(目光、注意力等)集中于，盯着
fix one’s eyes on sth./one’s eyes be fixed on sth. 盯着……目不转睛(习惯用被动)
② v. 修理
★globe n. 地球，球状物, 如地球仪；adj. 全球的
global problem 全球性的问题
earth n. 地球global “阁楼宝”，一种灭蟑螂的药名
★despair n. 绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物)；vi.绝望 in despair 绝望的
sb./sth. is the despair of… …让……感到绝望
The boy is the despair of his parents. 那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了。This boy is his mother’s despair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了。
The examination was the despair of me. = The examination was my despair.我对考试已经绝望了。
disappoint vt. 使失望

4. 课文讲解

1、Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.
dinner为不可数名词，“at a dinner party”中的“a”并不修饰“dinner”而是 “party”,have dinner不加“a”
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
next to 与……相邻，挨着(既可表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着)
2、Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.
unsmiling表示bad mix，很难与人融合。unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的，喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable(舒服的)/ uncomfortable(不舒服的)，true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的)，interesting(有趣的)/ uninteresting(无趣味的，乏味的)。
in在这里表示“穿着、戴着”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
(inquiring for sb. 要找(某人)，求见某人)
3、She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. take a seat 坐下，比sit要正式
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排好
4、'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’
在并列句中，相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。
You can either go out or stay here.

5. Composition

1 She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)
1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either. =She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either.
but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ； but…either只能加否定
as well, either 在此句中可省略
2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介词短语的并列)

6. Key structures

第2类条件句(虚拟条件句)
第1类条件句，谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时。
If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (正常语气)
If it rains, I will not go. 正常语气(不一定会去)
第2类条件句，if从句谈论想象的情况(假设与现在事实相反)，主句则推测想象的结果。 从句使用一般过去时, 主句使用would+动词原形。尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”，整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句。
If you helped me,I would be grateful.
假如你能使他改变主意, 你会使他免了许多麻烦.
如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用were。If I were you这种说法常用于提出建议。If I were you, I’d accept their offer.
第2类条件句有时也可代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情。 If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.

7. Special Difficulties

Make的用法
及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make+(冠词)+名词形式：make progress(取得进步)；make the bed(铺床)；make conversation(找话题)；make a noise(吵闹)；make a promise(保证)；make trouble(捣蛋，制造麻烦)； make money(挣钱)； make a speech(演讲)；make a mistake(犯错误)；make up one’s mind(下定决心，拿定主意)
Do的用法
完全动词do也有一些固定短语：
do one’s best(尽最大努力)；do one’s homework(做作业)；do sb. a favour(帮忙)；do a job(干家务)；do work(做家务)；do exercise(做练习)；do business(做生意) do还可以与动名词连用：do some shopping(买东西，购物)；do swimming(游泳)；do some reading (读书)