Para1:
① The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. ② At 2473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. ③The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. ④ For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. ⑤These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. ⑥ Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. ⑦ Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利,海拔2,473O米,是欧洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山口1英里远的地方。几百年来,圣伯纳德修道院驯养狗拯救了许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。那些最先从亚洲引进的狗,待人友好,早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。如今由于山里开挖了隧道,翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪山地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者,尽管修通了隧道,但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。
- St:是 Saint /seɪnt/ 的简写。多用于基督教的人名或者是地名中,例如 St John 圣约翰;还有节日 St Valentine’s Day 圣瓦伦廷节(情人节)。
- mountain pass: 隘口,山口
- which was founded in the eleventh century,定语从句,对前面 The famous monastery of St Bernard 作解释说明。同时,which 这部分拿掉对整个句子结构不构成影响。也就是说,The famous monastery of St Bernard lies about a mile away. 这句话本身也是成立的,which 引导的定语从句只是对其中某一部分进行补充说明。
- lie 当不及物动词,有位于的意思。
- Lie, Lay, Lain, Lying (vi.位于, 躺, 平放)
- Lie, Lied, Lied, Lying(vi.说谎)
- Lay, Laid, Laid, Lying(vt.放置, 产卵)
- For + 一段时间,表示经过一段时间,常与现在完成时连用。这句话后面的 have saved 就是现在完成时,也就说,从过去到现在的这么长时间里,伯纳德犬一共救了多少人。
- cross: V. 穿过;穿越;渡过,主要是指从物体表面上穿过 = go accross。词义辨析 through也表示穿过,当时是在物体之中穿越、贯穿,例如穿越森林、阳光穿过玻璃。
- even:在这里表示强调用以加强比较:甚至更,愈加,还
- Now that: 既然;由于
- sent out (into):出发去某地。
- whenever 引导时间状语从句,解释为:每当…的时候。
- traveller is in difficulty。someone is in difficulty = someone is in need 某人出于困难。
- Despite = in spite of In spite of或despite之后必须用名词或动名词,不能接普通子句。有 in spite of/despite oneself这说法,意思是“不由自主”或“不禁”,例如:“Her words were so satirical that I lost my temper in spite of myself.(她的话尖酸刻薄得令我忍不住发脾气。)” spite 单独使用表示“恶意;怨恨” I’m sure he only said it out of spite . 我相信他只是为了泄愤才那么说的。
- rashly attempt to do sth :冒昧地;冲动地想要做某事。rashly: adv. [ˈræʃli]轻率地;鲁莽地(有种一拥而上的意味。)attempt to do sth = try to do sth 尝试做某事。attempt 的名词也是企图的意思,有一个固定的结构:make an attempt to do sth:尝试做某事。make no attempt to do sth:没有做某事的意图。
- on foot:步行 cross someplace on foot = walk across someplace on foot.
-
St.Bernard /'seint-bə’na:d/圣伯纳德
-
lie /laɪ/、 lying /ˈlaɪɪŋ/
- v. 平躺,平卧;位于,坐落在;存在,在于;处于,保持(某种状态);(尤用于墓碑上的文字中)长眠;(比赛时)名列,排名;撒谎,编造谎言;(物体)平放在……上,平放着;朝……方向;造成假象,不可靠;(尤指不快或困难之事)将发生,在等待;(光、云、雾等)存在,展现;(诉讼,控告,索赔)可受理,可立案
- n.方向,位置;谎言,谎话;(动物的)穴,(鸟的)巢
-
Lay /leɪ/ 、laid /leɪd/
- v.躺;位于(lie 的过去式)
- v.(lay)躺下;产卵;搁放
- adj.(lay)世俗的;外行的
- n.(lay)位置;短诗;花纹方向
-
lain /leɪn/ (lie的过去分词)
-
live /lɪv; laɪv/
- v. 生存,活着;生活在;居住;生长,栖息;(以某种方式)生活,过日子;为……而生活;以……为生;继续存在,铭记;过精彩的生活,享受生活;<非正式>(物)搁置在(某处);恪守(规则、信念、理想等);<古>(船)逃过劫难,未沉没
- adj. 活的,有生命的;含乳酸菌的;现场直播的,实况转播的;现场演出的;(电线或设备等)通电的,带电的;仍可爆炸的,随时可用的;(火、煤炭或火柴)燃烧的,可燃的;(火柴)未用过的;当前所关心的,时下重大的;(球类运动中的球)处于比赛状态的;(电子链接)有效的;(机器中轮或轴)转动的
- adv. 现场直播地,实况转播地
-
rashly /ˈræʃli/
- adv. 轻率地;鲁莽地;无见识地
Para2
① During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. ② As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. ③ In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. ③ The temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. ④ The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. ⑤ The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. ⑥ The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. ⑦ These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St Bernard’s monastery.
夏天的几个月里,修道院十分忙碌,因为有成千上万的人驾车通过山口,顺道来修道院参观。由于来人太多,狗被关在专门的围栏里。然而到了冬天,修道院里的生活则是另一番景象。气温下降到零下30度,试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几。修道士们喜欢冬天,而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天,他们可以更多地过无人打扰的生活。狗也比较自由,被放出围栏,四处遛达。冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德道院的热烈欢迎。
- During +一段时间表示在一段时间之内(注意和上文的 for +一段时间区分。)
- As 在这里引导原因状语从句。
- about 熟词僻义在这里是 in many directions; here and there 到处;处处;各处 的意思
- about 是副词,表示“在附近/在周围/到处”,如:
- He looked about.他环顾四周.
- Let’s look about for help.让我们四处寻求帮助.
- He spoke to a few spectators standing about.他和站在附近的围观者交谈.
- keep in a special enclosure: 关在一个特殊的笼子里。enclosure: n. /ɪnˈkləʊʒə®/圈用地;围场
- a wildlife enclosure 野生动物围场
- is quite different:相当不同;截然不同。quite adv. 很;相当;完全 注意与 quiet( adj. 安静的;安定的;不动的)区分。
- -30 读成 minus thirty minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ 除了减去,minus还有“零下”的意思。
- prefer A to B:喜欢A而不喜欢B; 和A相比,更喜欢B。
- for:因为,+句子(这个用法在前几篇文章里都遇到过吧?)
- wander:vi 徘徊;漫步 ~ (away/off) | ~ (from/off sth) 偏离(正道);走失;离散。 The child wandered off and got lost. 那孩子走散后迷路了。 另外这个词还有 走神;神志恍惚;(思想)开小差 的意思。Try not to let your mind wander . 尽量别让你的思想开小差。
- regular visitors:常客。regular 在这里是形容词,意思是 经常的 (顾客或来访者)。regular本身也可以作为名词,是“常客;正式队员”的意思。举个例子: Regulars at his local bar have set up a fund to help out. 他的当地酒吧的常客们已经设立了一项基金来帮忙解决困难。
- parties of…:一批(做…得人)
- receive a warm welcome:受到热烈的欢迎。
- monastery /'mɔnəstri/n.寺院,修道院
- enclosure /in’kləuʒə/n.围场,圈地
- monk /mʌŋk/ n.和尚,僧侣
- privacy /ˈprɪvəsi/ n. 隐私,秘密;清静,(不受干扰的)独处;<古>隐居处