共享指针shared_ptr

智能指针的定义：能自动管理内存

#include<iostream>
#include<memory>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Student
{
public:
	Student(string name,int age):name(name),age(age){}
	Student() {
		cout << "构造函数的调用" << endl;
	}
	~Student()
	{
		cout << "析构函数调用" << endl;
	}
	void print()
	{
		cout << "学生姓名：" << this->name << "年龄：" << this->age << endl;
	}
private:
	string name;
	int age;
};
void closefile(FILE * p)
{
	cout << "文件关闭成功" << endl;
	fclose(p);
}
void print(shared_ptr<Student> S)
{
	S->print();
}
auto returnptr()
{
	shared_ptr<Student> p = make_shared<Student>("chengliu", 46);
	return p;
}
int main()
{
	//1.智能指针的对象
	//No.1无参构造
	shared_ptr<int> p;
	if (!p)
	{
		cout << "智能指针为空" << endl;
	}
	//No.2new方式
	shared_ptr<int> data(new int(42));
	//No.3makeshare函数
	shared_ptr<string> str = make_shared<string>("I LOVE C++");
	{
		//构造自定义数据类型的共享指针"张三", 18由构造函数的参数决定
		shared_ptr<Student> str = make_shared<Student>("张三", 18);
	}
	//2.智能指针的成员
	/*
	get()函数:返回一个内置指针，指向管理对象，不能delete这个指针
	use_count():返回与p共享对象的智能指针的数量
	swap():交换对象
	reset():重置对象
	*/
	shared_ptr<Student> S1 = make_shared<Student>("李四", 19);
	cout << S1.use_count() << endl;//结果为1
	//两个函数作用相同
	S1->print();
	S1.get()->print();
	auto S2(S1);
	cout << S1.use_count() << endl;//结果为2
	S2.reset();
	cout << S1.use_count() << endl;//结果为1
	cout << S2.use_count() << endl;//结果为0
	S2.reset(new Student("王五",20));
	cout << S2.use_count() << endl;//结果为1
	//3.智能指针的几个使用场景
	//No.1作为函数参数传入
	print(S2);
	//No.2作为函数返回值
	auto S3 = returnptr();
	print(S3);
	//4.如果你使用智能指针管理的资源不是new分配的内存，记住传递给它一个删除器
	{
		cout << "正常用法：" << endl;
		shared_ptr<Student> p(new Student[10], [](Student* S) {delete[]S; });
	}
	//读写文件相关
	{
		shared_ptr<FILE> p(fopen("1.txt", "w+"), closefile);
	}
}

在此程序中运行遇到了点问题，报错报错'fopen': this function or variable may be unsafe. consider using fopen_s instead. to disable deprecation, use _crt_secure_no_warnings. see online h

解决办法：#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS加在程序文件最上边，必须是最上边