opencv案例

切边

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#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

Mat src, gray_src, dst;
int threshold_value = 100;
int max_level = 255;
const char* output_win = "Contours Result";
const char* roi_win = "Final Result";
void FindROI(int, void*);
void Check_Skew(int, void*);
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	src = imread("D:/test3.jfif");
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("could not load image...\n");
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("input image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("input image", src);
	namedWindow(output_win,WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	Check_Skew(0, 0);
	 namedWindow(roi_win, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	createTrackbar("Threshold:", output_win, &threshold_value, max_level, FindROI);
	 FindROI(0, 0);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

void Check_Skew(int, void*) {//旋转变正
	//旋转需要找到图片最大的轮廓,然后对轮廓进行旋转
	Mat canny_output;
	cvtColor(src, gray_src, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	Canny(gray_src, canny_output, threshold_value, threshold_value * 2, 3, false);
	//找轮廓最大的
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hireachy;
	findContours(canny_output, contours, hireachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));
	Mat drawImg = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	float maxw = 0;
	float maxh = 0;
	double degree = 0;
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		RotatedRect minRect = minAreaRect(contours[t]);
		degree = abs(minRect.angle);
		if (degree > 0) {
			maxw = max(maxw, minRect.size.width);
			maxh = max(maxh, minRect.size.height);
		}
	}
	RNG rng(12345);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		RotatedRect minRect = minAreaRect(contours[t]);
		if (maxw == minRect.size.width && maxh == minRect.size.height) {
			degree = minRect.angle;
			Point2f pts[4];
			minRect.points(pts);
			Scalar color = Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255));
			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				line(drawImg, pts[i], pts[(i + 1) % 4], color, 2, 8, 0);
			}
		}
	}
	printf("max contours width : %f\n", maxw);
	printf("max contours height : %f\n", maxh);
	printf("max contours angle : %f\n", degree);
	imshow(output_win, drawImg);

	//旋转
	Point2f center(src.cols / 2, src.rows / 2);
	Mat rotm = getRotationMatrix2D(center, degree, 1.0);
	Mat dst;
	warpAffine(src, dst, rotm, src.size(), INTER_LINEAR, 0, Scalar(255, 255, 255));
	imshow("Correct Image", dst);
}

void FindROI(int, void*) {//提取轮廓,切边
	cvtColor(src, gray_src, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	Mat canny_output;
	Canny(gray_src, canny_output, threshold_value, threshold_value * 2, 3, false);

	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hireachy;
	findContours(canny_output, contours, hireachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));

	int minw = src.cols * 0.75;
	int minh = src.rows * 0.75;
	RNG rng(12345);
	Mat drawImage1 = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	Rect bbox;
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		RotatedRect minRect = minAreaRect(contours[t]);
		float degree = abs(minRect.angle);
		if (minRect.size.width > minw && minRect.size.height > minh && minRect.size.width < (src.cols - 5)) {
			printf("current angle : %f\n", degree);
			Point2f pts[4];
			minRect.points(pts);
			bbox = minRect.boundingRect();
			Scalar color = Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255));
			for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				line(drawImage1, pts[i], pts[(i + 1) % 4], color, 2, 8, 0);
			}
		}
	}
	imshow(output_win, drawImage1);

	if (bbox.width > 0 && bbox.height > 0) {
		Mat roiImg = src(bbox);
		imshow(roi_win, roiImg);
	}
	return;
}

直线检测

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

const char* output_lines = "j=Hough Line";
Mat src, gray_src, roiImage,dst;
int threshold_value = 5;
int threshold_max = 255;

void detectLines(int ,void*);//此方法不好,准确的太差
void morhpologyLines(int, void*);

int main() {
	src = imread("D:/test4.png",0);
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("could not load image.../n");
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("input", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("input", src);
	//namedWindow(output_lines, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	Rect roi = Rect(5, 5, src.cols - 10, src.rows - 10);
	roiImage = src(roi);
	imshow("ROI image", roiImage);
	//createTrackbar("threshold:",output_lines,&threshold_value,threshold_max,detectLines);
	//detectLines(0,0);
	morhpologyLines(0,0);
	
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;

}
//方法一,不好,准确度不高
void detectLines(int, void*) {
	Canny(src,dst,threshold_value,threshold_value*2,3,false);
	vector<Vec4i>lines;
	HoughLinesP(dst, lines, 1, CV_PI / 180.0, 30, 30.0, 0);
	cvtColor(dst, dst, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < lines.size(); t++) {
		Vec4i ln = lines[t];
		line(dst, Point(ln[0], ln[1]), Point(ln[2], ln[3]), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);

	}
	imshow(output_lines, dst);
}
//方法二
void morhpologyLines(int, void*) {
	//binary imager 二值化图像
	Mat binaryImage, morhpImage;
	threshold(roiImage, binaryImage, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV | THRESH_OTSU);
	imshow("binnary_image", binaryImage);
	//morptology operation形态学变化
	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(20, 1), Point(-1, -1));
	morphologyEx(binaryImage, morhpImage, MORPH_RECT, kernel, Point(-1, -1));
	imshow("morphology result", morhpImage);

	kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT,Size(3,3),Point(-1,-1));
	
	dilate(morhpImage, morhpImage, kernel);//膨胀
	//erode(morhpImage, morhpImage, kernel);//腐蚀
	
	imshow("morphology lines", morhpImage);

	//霍夫变换
	vector<Vec4i>lines;
	HoughLinesP(morhpImage,lines,1,CV_PI/180.0,30,20.0,0);
	Mat resultImage = roiImage.clone();
	cvtColor(resultImage,resultImage,COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < lines.size(); t++) {
		Vec4i ln = lines[t];
		line(resultImage, Point(ln[0], ln[1]), Point(ln[2], ln[3]), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	}
	imshow(output_lines,resultImage);
	return;
}

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对象提取

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#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

Mat src, binary, dst;
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	src = imread("D:/gloomyfish/case3.png", IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("could not load image...\n");
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("input image", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("input image", src);

	// 二值化
	threshold(src, binary, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);
	imshow("binary image", binary);

	// 形态学操作
	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1));
	morphologyEx(binary, dst, MORPH_CLOSE, kernel, Point(-1, -1));
	imshow("close image", dst);

	kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1));
	morphologyEx(dst, dst, MORPH_OPEN, kernel, Point(-1, -1));
	imshow("open image", dst);

	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hireachy;
	findContours(dst, contours, hireachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point());

	Mat resultImage = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	Point cc;
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		// 面积过滤
		double area = contourArea(contours[t]);
		if (area < 100) continue;
		// 横纵比过滤
		Rect rect = boundingRect(contours[t]);
		float ratio = float(rect.width) / float(rect.height);
		
		if (ratio < 1.1 && ratio > 0.9) {
			drawContours(resultImage, contours, t, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1, 8, Mat(), 0, Point());
			printf("circle area : %f\n", area);
			printf("circle length : %f\n", arcLength(contours[t], true));
			int x = rect.x + rect.width / 2;
			int y = rect.y + rect.height / 2;
			cc = Point(x, y);
			circle(resultImage, cc, 2, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
		}
	}
	imshow("Result", resultImage);

	Mat circleImage = src.clone();
	cvtColor(circleImage, circleImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
	circle(circleImage, cc, 2, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	imshow("Final Result", circleImage);

	// detect circle
	/*vector<Vec3f> myCircles;
	Mat gray_result;
	cvtColor(resultImage, gray_result, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	HoughCircles(gray_result, myCircles, HOUGH_GRADIENT, 1, 7, 50, 20, 23, 100);

	Mat circleImage = src.clone();
	cvtColor(circleImage, circleImage, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
	for (int i = 0; i < myCircles.size(); i++) {
		Vec3f circleInfo = myCircles[i];
		circle(circleImage, Point(circleInfo[0], circleInfo[1]), circleInfo[2], Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1, 8, 0);
	}
	
	*/
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

对象计数

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main() {
	Mat src,gray_src,dst,binary;
	src = imread("D:/test6.jfif");
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("could not load image..\n");
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("input",WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("input",src);
	cvtColor(src, gray_src, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	imshow("gray_image", gray_src);

	//二值分割
	threshold(gray_src, binary, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);
	//THRESH_TRIANGLE用于多峰,THRESH_OTSU用于单峰
	imshow("binary", binary);

	//形态学变化
	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT,Size(3,3),Point(-1,-1));
	dilate(binary,binary,kernel,Point(-1,-1),1);
	imshow("dilate iamge",binary);
    //距离变换
	Mat dist;
	//bitwise_not(binary, binary);//像素取反
	distanceTransform(binary,dist,DIST_L2,3);//距离变换
	normalize(dist, dist, 0, 1.0, NORM_MINMAX);//归一化
	imshow("dist image", dist);

	//阈值化二值分割
	Mat dist_8u;
	dist.convertTo(dist_8u, CV_8U);
	adaptiveThreshold(dist_8u, dist_8u, 255, ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, THRESH_BINARY, 85, 0.0);
	kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3), Point(-1, -1));
	dilate(dist_8u, dist_8u, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 2);
	imshow("dist-binary", dist_8u);

	// 连通区域计数
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	findContours(dist_8u, contours, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

	// draw result
	Mat markers = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	RNG rng(12345);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		drawContours(markers, contours, static_cast<int>(t), Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)),
			-1, 8, Mat());
	}
	printf("number of corns : %d", contours.size());
	imshow("Final result", markers);


	waitKey();
	return 0;
}

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透视矫正

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#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	Mat src = imread("D:/test7.png");
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("could not load image...\n");
		return 0;
	}
	namedWindow("input image", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("input image", src);

	// 二值处理
	Mat gray_src, binary, dst;
	cvtColor(src, gray_src, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	threshold(gray_src, binary, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV | THRESH_OTSU);
	imshow("binary image", binary);

	// 形态学操作
	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(5, 5), Point(-1, -1));
	morphologyEx(binary, dst, MORPH_CLOSE, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 3);
	imshow("morphology", dst);

	// 轮廓发现
	bitwise_not(dst, dst, Mat());
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hireachy;
	findContours(dst, contours, hireachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point());

	// 轮廓绘t制
	int width = src.cols;
	int height = src.rows;
	Mat drawImage = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {
		Rect rect = boundingRect(contours[t]);
		if (rect.width > width / 2 && rect.width < width - 5) {
			drawContours(drawImage, contours, static_cast<int>(t), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, hireachy, 0, Point());
		}
	}
	imshow("contours", drawImage);

	vector<Vec4i> lines;
	Mat contoursImg;
	int accu = min(width * 0.5, height * 0.5);
	cvtColor(drawImage, contoursImg, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	HoughLinesP(contoursImg, lines, 1, CV_PI / 180.0, accu, accu, 0);
	Mat linesImage = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < lines.size(); t++) {
		Vec4i ln = lines[t];
		line(linesImage, Point(ln[0], ln[1]), Point(ln[2], ln[3]), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	}
	printf("number of lines : %d\n", lines.size());
	imshow("lines image", linesImage);

	// 寻找与定位上下左右四条直线
	int deltah = 0;
	Vec4i topLine, bottomLine;
	Vec4i leftLine, rightLine;
	for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
		Vec4i ln = lines[i];
		deltah = abs(ln[3] - ln[1]);
		if (ln[3] < height / 2.0 && ln[1] < height / 2.0 && deltah < accu - 1) {
			if (topLine[3] > ln[3] && topLine[3] > 0) {
				topLine = lines[i];
			}
			else {
				topLine = lines[i];
			}
		}
		if (ln[3] > height / 2.0 && ln[1] > height / 2.0 && deltah < accu - 1) {
			bottomLine = lines[i];
		}
		if (ln[0] < width / 2.0 && ln[2] < width / 2.0) {
			leftLine = lines[i];
		}
		if (ln[0] > width / 2.0 && ln[2] > width / 2.0) {
			rightLine = lines[i];
		}
	}
	cout << "top line : p1(x, y) = " << topLine[0] << "," << topLine[1] << " p2(x, y) = " << topLine[2] << "," << topLine[3] << endl;
	cout << "bottom line : p1(x, y) = " << bottomLine[0] << "," << bottomLine[1] << " p2(x, y) = " << bottomLine[2] << "," << bottomLine[3] << endl;
	cout << "left line : p1(x, y) = " << leftLine[0] << "," << leftLine[1] << " p2(x, y) = " << leftLine[2] << "," << leftLine[3] << endl;
	cout << "right line : p1(x, y) = " << rightLine[0] << "," << rightLine[1] << " p2(x, y) = " << rightLine[2] << "," << rightLine[3] << endl;

	// 拟合四条直线方程
	float k1, c1;
	k1 = float(topLine[3] - topLine[1]) / float(topLine[2] - topLine[0]);
	c1 = topLine[1] - k1 * topLine[0];
	float k2, c2;
	k2 = float(bottomLine[3] - bottomLine[1]) / float(bottomLine[2] - bottomLine[0]);
	c2 = bottomLine[1] - k2 * bottomLine[0];
	float k3, c3;
	k3 = float(leftLine[3] - leftLine[1]) / float(leftLine[2] - leftLine[0]);
	c3 = leftLine[1] - k3 * leftLine[0];
	float k4, c4;
	k4 = float(rightLine[3] - rightLine[1]) / float(rightLine[2] - rightLine[0]);
	c4 = rightLine[1] - k4 * rightLine[0];

	// 四条直线交点
	Point p1; // 左上角
	p1.x = static_cast<int>((c1 - c3) / (k3 - k1));
	p1.y = static_cast<int>(k1 * p1.x + c1);
	Point p2; // 右上角
	p2.x = static_cast<int>((c1 - c4) / (k4 - k1));
	p2.y = static_cast<int>(k1 * p2.x + c1);
	Point p3; // 左下角
	p3.x = static_cast<int>((c2 - c3) / (k3 - k2));
	p3.y = static_cast<int>(k2 * p3.x + c2);
	Point p4; // 右下角
	p4.x = static_cast<int>((c2 - c4) / (k4 - k2));
	p4.y = static_cast<int>(k2 * p4.x + c2);
	cout << "p1(x, y)=" << p1.x << "," << p1.y << endl;
	cout << "p2(x, y)=" << p2.x << "," << p2.y << endl;
	cout << "p3(x, y)=" << p3.x << "," << p3.y << endl;
	cout << "p4(x, y)=" << p4.x << "," << p4.y << endl;

	// 显示四个点坐标
	circle(linesImage, p1, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
	circle(linesImage, p2, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
	circle(linesImage, p3, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
	circle(linesImage, p4, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
	line(linesImage, Point(topLine[0], topLine[1]), Point(topLine[2], topLine[3]), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2, 8, 0);
	imshow("four corners", linesImage);

	// 透视变换
	vector<Point2f> src_corners(4);
	src_corners[0] = p1;
	src_corners[1] = p2;
	src_corners[2] = p3;
	src_corners[3] = p4;

	vector<Point2f> dst_corners(4);
	dst_corners[0] = Point(0, 0);
	dst_corners[1] = Point(width, 0);
	dst_corners[2] = Point(0, height);
	dst_corners[3] = Point(width, height);

	// 获取透视变换矩阵
	Mat resultImage;
	Mat warpmatrix = getPerspectiveTransform(src_corners, dst_corners);
	warpPerspective(src, resultImage, warpmatrix, resultImage.size(), INTER_LINEAR);
	namedWindow("Final Result", WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("Final Result", resultImage);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

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目标提取与测量

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#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main() {
	Mat src, gray_src, binnary,dst;
	src = imread("D:/test8.png");
	if (src.empty()) {
		printf("could not load image...\n");
		return -1;
	}
	namedWindow("input_image",WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("input_image",src);
	

	Mat blurImage;
	GaussianBlur(src, blurImage, Size(15, 15), 0, 0);
	imshow("blur", blurImage);

	cvtColor(blurImage, gray_src, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
	imshow("gray_src", gray_src);

	threshold(gray_src,binnary,0,255,THRESH_BINARY|THRESH_TRIANGLE);
	imshow("binnary",binnary);

	//形态学操作
	Mat morphImage;
	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT,Size(3,3),Point(-1,-1));
	morphologyEx(binnary, morphImage, MORPH_CLOSE, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 2);
	imshow("morph_image",morphImage);


	//获取最大轮廓
	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
	vector<Vec4i> hireachy;
	findContours(morphImage, contours, hireachy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point());
	Mat conImage = Mat::zeros(src.size(), CV_8UC3);
	for (size_t t = 0; t < contours.size(); t++) {

		Rect rect = boundingRect(contours[t]);
		if (rect.width < src.cols / 2)continue;
		if (rect.width > (src.cols - 20))continue;
		double area = contourArea(contours[t]);//计算轮廓面积
		double len = arcLength(contours[t],true);//计算周长
		drawContours(conImage,contours,static_cast<int>(t),Scalar(0,0,255),1,8,hireachy);
		printf("area of star could:%f\n",area);
		printf("length of star could:%f\n", len);
	}
	imshow("result",conImage);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

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