【c++】小项目cJSON研读

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分类专栏： c++各项目学习文章标签： c++ 开发语言

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47461884/article/details/136479705

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cJSON 研读

github地址：https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON

cJSON.h

宏定义部分

#ifdef __cplusplus 
extern "C"
{
	// 正常声明段
}
#endif

c的编译器和c++的编译器在生成函数名时处理有所不同，为了确保c编译后的函数，在链接时能正确被c++的编译器识别，.extern"C"是使C++能够调用C写作的库文件的一个手段。

#if !defined(__WINDOWS__) && (defined(WIN32) || defined(WIN64) || defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_WIN32))
#define __WINDOWS__
#endif

#ifdef __WINDOWS__
....
....
#else /* !__WINDOWS__  不是WINDOWS环境的情况*/
#define CJSON_CDECL
#define CJSON_STDCALL

确保是在WINDOWS环境下

#define CJSON_CDECL __cdecl    // 函数调用约定
#define CJSON_STDCALL __stdcall

举例：
    int _stdcall function(int a, int b); 
表示使用函数的调用方式为 stdcall
这意味着
（1）参数从右向左依次压入堆栈.
（2）由被调用函数自己来恢复堆栈，称为自动清栈。
（3）函数名自动加前导下划线，后面紧跟着一个@，其后紧跟着参数的大小

详细见：C/C++ 函数调用约定（__cdecl、__stdcall、__fastcall）_c++静态函数 _cdecl-CSDN博客

#if !defined(CJSON_HIDE_SYMBOLS) && !defined(CJSON_IMPORT_SYMBOLS) && !defined(CJSON_EXPORT_SYMBOLS)
#define CJSON_EXPORT_SYMBOLS
#endif

#if defined(CJSON_HIDE_SYMBOLS)
#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type)   type CJSON_STDCALL
#elif defined(CJSON_EXPORT_SYMBOLS)
#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type)   __declspec(dllexport) type CJSON_STDCALL
#elif defined(CJSON_IMPORT_SYMBOLS)
#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type)   __declspec(dllimport) type CJSON_STDCALL
#endif

#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || defined (__SUNPRO_C)) && defined(CJSON_API_VISIBILITY)
#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type)   __attribute__((visibility("default"))) type
#else
#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type) type
#endif
#endif

这里干的事情可以结合后面函数定义来理解，例如以下输出版本信息的函数。

CJSON_PUBLIC(const char*) cJSON_Version(void);

CJSON_PUBLIC(const char*)对应于#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type)，其中const char* 作为type 传入，如果在CJSON_EXPORT_SYMBOLS模式下（另外两种模式：CJSON_HIDE_SYMBOLS、CJSON_IMPORT_SYMBOLS）

则CJSON_PUBLIC(type)被定义为 __declspec(dllexport) type CJSON_STDCALL。

因此此函数可以翻译为 __declspec(dllexport) const char* CJSON_STDCALL cJSON_Version(void);

关于 __declspec关键字可以看 C++导入导出符号（dllimport/dllexport） - 知乎 (zhihu.com)

其他的几个#define CJSON_PUBLIC(type)同理。

/* project version */
#define CJSON_VERSION_MAJOR 1
#define CJSON_VERSION_MINOR 7
#define CJSON_VERSION_PATCH 17

#include <stddef.h>

/* cJSON Types: */
#define cJSON_Invalid (0)
#define cJSON_False  (1 << 0)
#define cJSON_True   (1 << 1)
#define cJSON_NULL   (1 << 2)
#define cJSON_Number (1 << 3)
#define cJSON_String (1 << 4)
#define cJSON_Array  (1 << 5)
#define cJSON_Object (1 << 6)
#define cJSON_Raw    (1 << 7) /* raw json */

#define cJSON_IsReference 256
#define cJSON_StringIsConst 512

typedef int cJSON_bool; // 定义cJSON自己的bool类型

/* Limits how deeply nested arrays/objects can be before cJSON rejects to parse them.
 * This is to prevent stack overflows. */
#ifndef CJSON_NESTING_LIMIT
#define CJSON_NESTING_LIMIT 1000
#endif

以上是cJSON一些常量的定义，例如，定义cJSON_False = 1左移0位 = 1

cJSON结构体

/* The cJSON structure:本质思想是将每一个键值对抽象出来作为一个cJSON对象，而后使用链表嵌套的方式构成整个cJSON对象。next和prev指针用于只向下一个和前一个cJSON对象，child指针用于嵌套cJSON对象 */
typedef struct cJSON
{
    /* next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem */
    struct cJSON *next;
    struct cJSON *prev;
    /* An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the items in the array/object. */
    struct cJSON *child;

    /* The type of the item, as above. */
    int type;

    /* The item's string, if type==cJSON_String  and type == cJSON_Raw */
    char *valuestring;
    /* writing to valueint is DEPRECATED, use cJSON_SetNumberValue instead */
    int valueint;
    /* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
    double valuedouble;

    /* The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. */
    char *string;
} cJSON;

/*cJSON在支持自定义malloc函数和free函数*/
typedef struct cJSON_Hooks
{
      /* malloc/free are CDECL on Windows regardless of the default calling convention of the compiler, so ensure the hooks allow passing those functions directly. */
      void *(CJSON_CDECL *malloc_fn)(size_t sz);
      void (CJSON_CDECL *free_fn)(void *ptr);
} cJSON_Hooks;

使用的详细教程 cJSON使用详细教程 | 一个轻量级C语言JSON解析器-CSDN博客

什么是****size_t**** 数据类型：It’s a type which is used to represent the size of objects in bytes and is therefore used as the return type by the *sizeof* operator. It is guaranteed to be big enough to contain the size of the biggest object the host system can handle. Basically the maximum permissible size is dependent on the compiler; if the compiler is 32 bit then it is simply a typedef(i.e., alias) for *unsigned int* but if the compiler is 64 bit then it would be a typedef for *unsigned long long*. The *size_t* data type is never negative.

函数接口（从一个cJSON的生命周期来学习各种接口）

创建cJSON对象时有两种方式：1、由用户创建链表头结点后，一个个加节点。2、提供一段字符串直接生成。

与第一种方式相关的函数——创建。

/* These calls create a cJSON item of the appropriate type. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNull(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateBool(cJSON_bool boolean);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);
/* raw json */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateRaw(const char *raw);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArray(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObject(void);

/* Create a string where valuestring references a string so
 * it will not be freed by cJSON_Delete */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringReference(const char *string);
/* Create an object/array that only references it's elements so
 * they will not be freed by cJSON_Delete */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObjectReference(const cJSON *child);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArrayReference(const cJSON *child);

/* These utilities create an Array of count items.
 * The parameter count cannot be greater than the number of elements in the number array, otherwise array access will be out of bounds.*/
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char *const *strings, int count);

第一种方式相关的函数——添加、删除、修改（更新）、拷贝

/* Helper functions for creating and adding items to an object at the same time.
 * They return the added item or NULL on failure. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddNullToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddTrueToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddFalseToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddBoolToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name, const cJSON_bool boolean);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddNumberToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name, const double number);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddStringToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddRawToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name, const char * const raw);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddObjectToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON*) cJSON_AddArrayToObject(cJSON * const object, const char * const name);

/* Append item to the specified array/object. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Use this when string is definitely const (i.e. a literal, or as good as), and will definitely survive the cJSON object.
 * WARNING: When this function was used, make sure to always check that (item->type & cJSON_StringIsConst) is zero before
 * writing to `item->string` */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Append reference to item to the specified array/object. Use this when you want to add an existing cJSON to a new cJSON, but don't want to corrupt your existing cJSON. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);

/* Remove/Detach items from Arrays/Objects. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemViaPointer(cJSON *parent, cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);

/* Update array items. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_InsertItemInArray(cJSON *array, int which, cJSON *newitem); /* Shifts pre-existing items to the right. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_ReplaceItemViaPointer(cJSON * const parent, cJSON * const item, cJSON * replacement);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_ReplaceItemInArray(cJSON *array, int which, cJSON *newitem);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_ReplaceItemInObject(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_ReplaceItemInObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object,const char *string,cJSON *newitem);

与第二种方式相关的——解析（Parse）

/* Supply a block of JSON, and this returns a cJSON object you can interrogate. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_Parse(const char *value);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_ParseWithLength(const char *value, size_t buffer_length);
/* ParseWithOpts allows you to require (and check) that the JSON is null terminated, and to retrieve the pointer to the final byte parsed. */
/* If you supply a ptr in return_parse_end and parsing fails, then return_parse_end will contain a pointer to the error so will match cJSON_GetErrorPtr(). */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_ParseWithOpts(const char *value, const char **return_parse_end, cJSON_bool require_null_terminated);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_ParseWithLengthOpts(const char *value, size_t buffer_length, const char **return_parse_end, cJSON_bool require_null_terminated);

将形如“{“color”:{“blue”, “white”}}” 的字符串解析为一个cJSON对象。

拥有cJSON对象后，获取键值对、进行输出的接口

/* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_Print(const cJSON *item);
/* Render a cJSON entity to text for transfer/storage without any formatting. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_PrintUnformatted(const cJSON *item);
/* Render a cJSON entity to text using a buffered strategy. prebuffer is a guess at the final size. guessing well reduces reallocation. fmt=0 gives unformatted, =1 gives formatted */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_PrintBuffered(const cJSON *item, int prebuffer, cJSON_bool fmt);
/* Render a cJSON entity to text using a buffer already allocated in memory with given length. Returns 1 on success and 0 on failure. */
/* NOTE: cJSON is not always 100% accurate in estimating how much memory it will use, so to be safe allocate 5 bytes more than you actually need */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_PrintPreallocated(cJSON *item, char *buffer, const int length, const cJSON_bool format);
/* Delete a cJSON entity and all subentities. */

/* Returns the number of items in an array (or object). */
CJSON_PUBLIC(int) cJSON_GetArraySize(const cJSON *array);
/* Retrieve item number "index" from array "array". Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetArrayItem(const cJSON *array, int index);
/* Get item "string" from object. Case insensitive. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_HasObjectItem(const cJSON *object, const char *string);
/* For analysing failed parses. This returns a pointer to the parse error. You'll probably need to look a few chars back to make sense of it. Defined when cJSON_Parse() returns 0. 0 when cJSON_Parse() succeeds. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(const char *) cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void);

/* Check item type and return its value */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_GetStringValue(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_GetNumberValue(const cJSON * const item);

用完了cJSON对象要释放

CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_Delete(cJSON *item);
/* malloc/free objects using the malloc/free functions that have been set with cJSON_InitHooks */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void *) cJSON_malloc(size_t size);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_free(void *object);

其它一些用于判断、辅助的函数接口

/* These functions check the type of an item */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsInvalid(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsFalse(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsTrue(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsBool(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsNull(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsNumber(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsString(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsArray(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsObject(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_IsRaw(const cJSON * const item);
/* Recursively compare two cJSON items for equality. If either a or b is NULL or invalid, they will be considered unequal.
 * case_sensitive determines if object keys are treated case sensitive (1) or case insensitive (0) */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_Compare(const cJSON * const a, const cJSON * const b, const cJSON_bool case_sensitive);
/* Minify a strings, remove blank characters(such as ' ', '\t', '\r', '\n') from strings.
 * The input pointer json cannot point to a read-only address area, such as a string constant, 
 * but should point to a readable and writable address area. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_Minify(char *json);

/* When assigning an integer value, it needs to be propagated to valuedouble too. */
#define cJSON_SetIntValue(object, number) ((object) ? (object)->valueint = (object)->valuedouble = (number) : (number))
/* helper for the cJSON_SetNumberValue macro */
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_SetNumberHelper(cJSON *object, double number);
#define cJSON_SetNumberValue(object, number) ((object != NULL) ? cJSON_SetNumberHelper(object, (double)number) : (number))
/* Change the valuestring of a cJSON_String object, only takes effect when type of object is cJSON_String */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char*) cJSON_SetValuestring(cJSON *object, const char *valuestring);

/* If the object is not a boolean type this does nothing and returns cJSON_Invalid else it returns the new type*/
#define cJSON_SetBoolValue(object, boolValue) ( \
    (object != NULL && ((object)->type & (cJSON_False|cJSON_True))) ? \
    (object)->type=((object)->type &(~(cJSON_False|cJSON_True)))|((boolValue)?cJSON_True:cJSON_False) : \
    cJSON_Invalid\
)

/* Macro for iterating over an array or object */
#define cJSON_ArrayForEach(element, array) for(element = (array != NULL) ? (array)->child : NULL; element != NULL; element = element->next)

cJSON.c

给各种接口分好类后，开始细看它们的实现。
（后续更完了，在专栏里面有下半cJSON.c）

了不得

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【c++】小项目cJSON研读

extern "C"// 正常声明段#endifc的编译器和c++的编译器在生成函数名时处理有所不同，为了确保c编译后的函数，在链接时能正确被c++的编译器识别，.extern"C"是使C++能够调用C写作的库文件的一个手段。# if!__WINDOWS__ 不是WINDOWS环境的情况*/ # define CJSON_CDECL # define CJSON_STDCALL!
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