1.1 概述
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同 的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/P C/S
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
OSI模型
小结:
1、网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2、网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP TCP
3、万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip 地址: netAddress
1、唯一定位一台网络上计算机
2、127.0.0.1:本机 localhost
3、ip 地址的分类
ipv4/ ipV6
- IPV41270.0.1, 4个字节组成。 0-255 42亿~ 30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿。 2011年就用尽公网私网
- IPV6:128位。8个无符号整数!
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.X.XX,专门给组织内部使用的
域名:记忆IP问题!
package com.blue.lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TextInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress interaddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(interaddress1);
InetAddress interaddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(interaddress1);
InetAddress interaddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(interaddress1);
//查询网站IP地址
InetAddress interaddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(interaddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(interaddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(interaddress2.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字
System.out.println(interaddress2.getHostAddress()); //ip
System.out.println(interaddress2.getHostName()); //域名,或者自已电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
1、不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件!
2、被规定0-65535
3、TCP,UDP:65535 * 2 tcp:80,udp:80 吗,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
4、端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1023
- Http: 80
- Https: 443
- FTP: 21
- Telent: 23
5、程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat: 8080
- MySQL: 3306
- Oracle: 1521
6、动态、私有: 49152~65535
netstat-ano #查看所有的端口
netstat-ano|findstr"5900" #查看指定的端口
task1ist|findstr"8696" #查看指定端口的进程
package com.blue.lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TextInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress1);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort()); //端口
}
}
1.5 通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话。
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制
问题:非常的复杂?
TCPIP 协议簇
重要
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP 对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
- 三次握手 四次挥手
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端 没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击!r(饱和攻击)
三次握手和四次挥手
三次握手和四次挥手(面试必问) - My_Dreams - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
1.6 TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
服务器
-
建立服务的端口 Serversocket
-
等待用户的链接 accept
-
接收用的湖息
客户端:
package com.blue.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetAddress serverIP = null;
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址
serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神说Java".getBytes());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket == null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端:
package com.blue.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务器
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args){
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
///1,我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
while (true){
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读收客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端:
package com.blue.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创一个 Socket 连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2. 创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 文件流
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("cat-6723256.jpg"));
//4.文件输出
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完体,才能够断开连按
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端:
package com.blue.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输出流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完华了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomacat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat 服务器S Java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
Tomcat 下载与安装:Tomcat下载和安装(图解) (biancheng.net)
1.7 UDP
发送消息
客户端:
package com.blue.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不而要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个 Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
int port = 9090;
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
服务端:
package com.blue.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 接收数据
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()) );
System.out.println(packet);
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
循环发送消息
发送端:
package com.blue.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读收 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端:
package com.blue.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
在线咨询
发送端
package com.blue.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort; //对方端口号
private String toIP; //
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
socket.close();
}
}
}
接收端
package com.blue.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开连接
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength() );
System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
学生线程
package com.blue.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
老师线程
package com.blue.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析——www.baidu.comb xxx.x.x…x
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
package com.blue.lesson04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //路径
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //文件 全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //URL查询名字 参数
}
}
下载资源:
package com.blue.lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下我地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20220123220857/b014483528776645552494faff4733a0/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/11506531065/c33e/3db1/f24c/d25af884b0dc20c1179631516e93341a.m4a");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("y.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
}
}