原型对象:存在于构造函数的prototype,它的属性和方法可以被"实例化"对象继承 (通过new进行实例化对象)
原型链:对象的属性__proto__指向构造函数的prototype
最终原型Object.prototype,原型链的重点为null
对象的属性,自己有优先使用,没有沿着原型链逐层查找
prototype和__proto__的区别
1.prototype是函数才有的属性,对象没有,__proto__是每个对象都有的属性
2.prototype属性可以给函数和对象添加可继承的方法属性,__proto__是查找某函数或对象的原型链方式
3.__proto__找构造这个对象的原型
联系:都指向原型对象
function Fun() {}
var fn = new Fun();
console.log(fn.__proto__ == Fun.prototype);
console.log(Fun.__proto__ == Function.prototype); //true function的原型对象构造的Fun函数
console.log(Fun.prototype.__proto__ == Object.prototype);
console.log(Function.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype);
console.log(Fun.prototype);
console.log(Function.__proto__ == Function.prototype); //true 自己的原型构造自己
console.log(Object.prototype);
console.log(String.prototype.__proto__.__proto__); //null
原型对象的使用
1.在原型上追加属性或方法,让所有实例化对象得到继承
//遍历出对象中的值
var obj = {
name: "张三",
age: 23,
from: "广州",
};
Object.prototype.mykeys = function () {
for (var k in obj) {
if (k == "mykeys") {
continue;
}
console.log(this[k]);
}
};
obj.mykeys();
//一次性获取对象所有属性值
Object.prototype.newkeys = function () {
var arr = [];
for (var k in this) {
if (k == "newkeys") {
continue;
}
arr.push(this[k]);
}
return arr;
};
console.log(obj.newkeys());
2. 合并公有属性,公共方法(将共有属性或方法提出添加到原型上 节约空间资源)
Dog.prototype.color = "白色";
Dog.prototype.sayHolle = function () {
console.log("汪汪");
};
function Dog(name, age) {
this.name = name;
// this.color = "白色";
this.age = age;
// this.sayHolle = function () {
// console.log("汪汪");
// };
}
var Dog1 = new Dog("欢欢", 2);
var Dog2 = new Dog("乐乐", 3);
console.log(Dog1, Dog2);
console.log(Dog1.color == Dog2.color); //true
3.修改原型指向 构造长原型链
function Granpa(name, address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
var Granpa1 = new Granpa("爷爷", "广东");
Father.prototype = new Granpa();
function Father(name, address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
var Father1 = new Father("爸爸", "上海");
Son.prototype = new Father();
function Son(name, address) {
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
}
var Son1 = new Son("儿子", "深圳");
console.log(Son1.__proto__ == Son.prototype); //true
console.log(Son.prototype.__proto__ == Father.prototype); //true
console.log(Father.prototype.__proto__ == Granpa.prototype); //true
console.log(
Son.prototype.__proto__.__proto__.__proto__ == Object.prototype
); //true
console.log(Object.prototype);