Ubuntn的一些问题

Setting locale failed：

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
	LANGUAGE = "zh_CN:zh",
	LC_ALL = (unset),
	LC_ADDRESS = "zh_CN",
	LC_NAME = "zh_CN",
	LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN",
	LC_PAPER = "zh_CN",
	LC_IDENTIFICATION = "zh_CN",
	LC_TELEPHONE = "zh_CN",
	LC_MEASUREMENT = "zh_CN",
	LC_TIME = "zh_CN",
	LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN",
	LANG = "zh_CN.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

那是因为执行某些命令时，都会去执行一个update-locale的命令，用来更新locale
这个命令是一个脚本，用perl写的，可以用whereis update-locale查到，位置在/usr/sbin/update-locale

14:21:24[~]~$  whereis update-locale
update-locale: /usr/sbin/update-locale /usr/share/man/man8/update-locale.8.gz

上述报错并不是因为update-locale命令而引起,我们也还是看看update-locale这个文件

#! /usr/bin/perl -w

use strict;
use Getopt::Long;

my $progname     = "update-locale";
my $locale_file  = "/etc/default/locale";  //加载了这个配置

my $help         = 0;
my $reset        = 0;
#  Kept for compatibility reasons
my $remove       = 0;
my $no_checks    = 0;

GetOptions(
	'reset'          => \$reset,
	'remove'         => \$remove,
	'locale-file=s'  => \$locale_file,
	'no-checks'      => \$no_checks,
	'h|help'         => \$help,
);

sub usage
{
	my $rc = shift;
	print STDERR "Usage: $progname [OPTIONS] [LANG=locale] [LC_NUMERIC=locale] ...
Options:
   --help              display this message and exit
   --reset             ignore variables defined in the locale file
   --locale-file=FILE  file containing locale variables
                       (Default: /etc/default/locale)
   --no-checks         do not perform sanity checks on locale variables
";
	exit $rc;
}

$help && usage(0);

#  Process command-line arguments 处理命令行参数
my %arg = ();
my $content = '';
my $mode = 0644;
if (-r $locale_file)
{
	#  Keep file mode  保持文件模式
	$mode = (stat($locale_file))[2] & 07777;
	#  Read current values 读取当前值
	open(IN, "<", $locale_file)
		or die "$progname: Unable to read $locale_file: $!\n";
	while (<IN>)
	{
		$content .= $_;
		next unless m/^(\w+)=(.*)/;
		$arg{$1} = $2 unless $reset;
	}
	close(IN)
		or die "$progname: Unable to close $locale_file: $!\n";
	$content =~ s/^(\s*\w+=)/#$1/mg;
	$content .= "\n" unless $content =~ m/\n$/s;
}
else
{
	$content = "#  File generated by $progname\n";
}
for (@ARGV)
{
	if (m/(.*?)=(.*)/)
	{
		$arg{$1} = $2;
	}
	else
	{
		delete $arg{$_};
	}
}

my $env = '';
my ($key, $value);
while (($key, $value) = each %arg)
{
	$env .= " $key=$value";
	$content =~ s/^#\s*$key=.*/$key=$value/m or
		$content .= "$key=$value\n";
}

#  Sanity checks 健全性检查
if ($no_checks == 0)
{ 
	#  Check that this locale does exist 检查此语言环境是否存在
	my $charset = `LANG= LC_CTYPE= LC_NUMERIC= LC_TIME= LC_COLLATE= LC_MONETARY= LC_MESSAGES= LC_PAPER= LC_NAME= LC_ADDRESS= LC_TELEPHONE= LC_MEASUREMENT= LC_IDENTIFICATION= LC_ALL= $env locale charmap 2>&1`;
	die "*** $progname: Error: invalid locale settings: $env\n"
		if ($charset =~ m/Cannot set/);
	#  If LANGUAGE is set, its first value must be compatible with LC_MESSAGES
	#  如果设置了 LANGUAGE，它的第一个值必须与 LC_MESSAGES 兼容
	if (defined $arg{LANGUAGE})
	{
		my $language = $arg{LANGUAGE};
		$language =~ s/["']//g;
		$language =~ s/[.:_].*//;
		my $msg = '';
		my $var = '';
		for (qw(LANG LC_MESSAGES LC_ALL))
		{
			if (defined $arg{$_})
			{
				$var = $_;
				$msg = $arg{$_};
			}
		}
		$msg =~ s/["']//g;
		if ($msg !~ m/^$language/ && $var ne ''
		    && $msg ne 'C' && $msg ne 'POSIX'
		    && $language ne 'C' && $language ne 'POSIX')
		{
			print "*** $progname: Warning: LANGUAGE ($arg{LANGUAGE}) is not compatible with $var ($msg). Disabling it.\n";
			$content =~ s/^(\s*LANGUAGE=)/#$1/mg;
		}
	}
}

#  Write locale file 写入语言环境文件
open(OUT, ">", $locale_file)
	or die "$progname: Unable to write $locale_file: $!\n";
print OUT $content;
close(OUT)
	or die "$progname: Unable to close $locale_file: $!\n";
chmod($mode, $locale_file)
	or die "$progname: Unable to chmod $locale_file: $!\n";

1;

这是我的配置

LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN:en"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="zh_CN.UTF-8"

也可以su到root查看系统locale设置

14:52:17[~]~$  su
Password: 
root@linux:/home/aaa# cd /root/
root@linux:~# locale   //查看系统locale设置
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=zh_CN:zh
LC_CTYPE="C"
LC_NUMERIC="C"
LC_TIME="C"
LC_COLLATE="C"
LC_MONETARY="C"
LC_MESSAGES="C"
LC_PAPER="C"
LC_NAME="C"
LC_ADDRESS="C"
LC_TELEPHONE="C"
LC_MEASUREMENT="C"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="C"

root@linux:~# locale -a    //查看系统已安装的locale
C
C.UTF-8
POSIX
en_AG
en_AG.utf8
en_AU.utf8
en_BW.utf8
en_CA.utf8
en_DK.utf8
en_GB.utf8
en_HK.utf8
en_IE.utf8
en_IL
en_IL.utf8
en_IN
en_IN.utf8
en_NG
en_NG.utf8
en_NZ.utf8
en_PH.utf8
en_SG.utf8
en_US.utf8
en_ZA.utf8
en_ZM
en_ZM.utf8
en_ZW.utf8
zh_CN
zh_CN.gb2312
zh_CN.utf8
zh_SG.utf8

定位错误为

• LC_ALL没设置值，去设置值 vi /etc/default/locale或者

vi .bashrc
在文件尾加入	
export LC_ALL=C 或者"zh_CN"
保存后执行,可以再重启
source .bashrc

• LC_CTYPE和LC_MESSAGES的值zh_CN.UTF-8系统未安装，可以使用以下命令测试：

perl -e exit

其实，真正的原因是perl为系统使用zh_CN.UTF-8，但系统不知道zh_CN.UTF-8是什么东西

解决方法也很简单

apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans
或者
cd /usr/share/locales
./install-language-pack zh_CN

安装一个中文语言，系统就知道zh_CN.UTF-8了，这个时候用perl就不会报错了
附上install-language-pack

#!/bin/sh -e

if [ -z "$1" ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <language code> <class> [<version>]"
    exit 0
fi

# install locales for base packages (not for gnome/kde)
if [ -z "$2" ]; then
    # Update requested locales if locales-all is not installed
    if dpkg-query -s locales-all >/dev/null 2>&1 ; then
        echo "locales-all installed, skipping locales generation"
    else
        /usr/sbin/locale-gen --keep-existing "$1"
    fi
fi

# ensure that .desktop caches are up to date
dpkg-trigger gmenucache || true

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