机器学习实战——决策树

from numpy import *
from math import log
import operator
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from os import listdir
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris


def createDataSet():
    dataSet = [[1, 1, 'yes'],
               [1, 1, 'yes'],
               [1, 0, 'no'],
               [0, 1, 'no'],
               [0, 1, 'no']]
    labels = ['no surfacing', 'flippers']
    # change to discrete values
    return dataSet, labels


def calcShannonEnt(dataSet):
    numEntries = len(dataSet)
    labelCounts = {}
    for featVec in dataSet:  # the the number of unique elements and their occurance
        currentLabel = featVec[-1]
        if currentLabel not in labelCounts.keys(): labelCounts[currentLabel] = 0
        labelCounts[currentLabel] += 1
    shannonEnt = 0.0
    for key in labelCounts:
        prob = float(labelCounts[key]) / numEntries
        shannonEnt -= prob * log(prob, 2)  # log base 2
    return shannonEnt


def splitDataSet(dataSet, axis, value):
    retDataSet = []
    for featVec in dataSet:
        if featVec[axis] == value:
            reducedFeatVec = featVec[:axis]  # chop out axis used for splitting
            reducedFeatVec.extend(featVec[axis + 1:])
            retDataSet.append(reducedFeatVec)
    return retDataSet


def chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet):
    numFeatures = len(dataSet[0]) - 1  # the last column is used for the labels
    baseEntropy = calcShannonEnt(dataSet)
    bestInfoGain = 0.0;
    bestFeature = -1
    for i in range(numFeatures):  # iterate over all the features
        featList = [example[i] for example in dataSet]  # create a list of all the examples of this feature
        uniqueVals = set(featList)  # get a set of unique values
        newEntropy = 0.0
        for value in uniqueVals:
            subDataSet = splitDataSet(dataSet, i, value)
            prob = len(subDataSet) / float(len(dataSet))
            newEntropy += prob * calcShannonEnt(subDataSet)
        infoGain = baseEntropy - newEntropy  # calculate the info gain; ie reduction in entropy
        if (infoGain > bestInfoGain):  # compare this to the best gain so far
            bestInfoGain = infoGain  # if better than current best, set to best
            bestFeature = i
    return bestFeature  # returns an integer


def majorityCnt(classList):
    classCount = {}
    for vote in classList:
        if vote not in classCount.keys(): classCount[vote] = 0
        classCount[vote] += 1
    sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]


def createTree(dataSet, labels):
    classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]
    if classList.count(classList[0]) == len(classList):
        return classList[0]  # stop splitting when all of the classes are equal
    if len(dataSet[0]) == 1:  # stop splitting when there are no more features in dataSet
        return majorityCnt(classList)
    bestFeat = chooseBestFeatureToSplit(dataSet)
    bestFeatLabel = labels[bestFeat]
    myTree = {bestFeatLabel: {}}
    del (labels[bestFeat])
    featValues = [example[bestFeat] for example in dataSet]
    uniqueVals = set(featValues)
    for value in uniqueVals:
        subLabels = labels[:]  # copy all of labels, so trees don't mess up existing labels
        myTree[bestFeatLabel][value] = createTree(splitDataSet(dataSet, bestFeat, value), subLabels)
    return myTree


def classify(inputTree, featLabels, testVec):
    firstStr = inputTree.keys()[0]
    secondDict = inputTree[firstStr]
    featIndex = featLabels.index(firstStr)
    key = testVec[featIndex]
    valueOfFeat = secondDict[key]
    if isinstance(valueOfFeat, dict):
        classLabel = classify(valueOfFeat, featLabels, testVec)
    else:
        classLabel = valueOfFeat
    return classLabel


def storeTree(inputTree, filename):
    import pickle
    fw = open(filename, 'w')
    pickle.dump(inputTree, fw)
    fw.close()


def grabTree(filename):
    import pickle
    fr = open(filename)
    return pickle.load(fr)


decisionNode = dict(boxstyle="sawtooth", fc="0.8")
leafNode = dict(boxstyle="round4", fc="0.8")
arrow_args = dict(arrowstyle="<-")


def getNumLeafs(myTree):
    numLeafs = 0
    firstStr = list(myTree.keys())[0]
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if type(secondDict[
                    key]).__name__ == 'dict':  # test to see if the nodes are dictonaires, if not they are leaf nodes
            numLeafs += getNumLeafs(secondDict[key])
        else:
            numLeafs += 1
    return numLeafs


def getTreeDepth(myTree):
    maxDepth = 0
    firstStr = list(myTree.keys())[0]
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if type(secondDict[
                    key]).__name__ == 'dict':  # test to see if the nodes are dictonaires, if not they are leaf nodes
            thisDepth = 1 + getTreeDepth(secondDict[key])
        else:
            thisDepth = 1
        if thisDepth > maxDepth: maxDepth = thisDepth
    return maxDepth


def plotNode(nodeTxt, centerPt, parentPt, nodeType):
    createPlot.ax1.annotate(nodeTxt, xy=parentPt, xycoords='axes fraction',
                            xytext=centerPt, textcoords='axes fraction',
                            va="center", ha="center", bbox=nodeType, arrowprops=arrow_args)


def plotMidText(cntrPt, parentPt, txtString):
    xMid = (parentPt[0] - cntrPt[0]) / 2.0 + cntrPt[0]
    yMid = (parentPt[1] - cntrPt[1]) / 2.0 + cntrPt[1]
    createPlot.ax1.text(xMid, yMid, txtString, va="center", ha="center", rotation=30)


def plotTree(myTree, parentPt, nodeTxt):  # if the first key tells you what feat was split on
    numLeafs = getNumLeafs(myTree)  # this determines the x width of this tree
    depth = getTreeDepth(myTree)
    firstStr = list(myTree.keys())[0]  # the text label for this node should be this
    cntrPt = (plotTree.xOff + (1.0 + float(numLeafs)) / 2.0 / plotTree.totalW, plotTree.yOff)
    plotMidText(cntrPt, parentPt, nodeTxt)
    plotNode(firstStr, cntrPt, parentPt, decisionNode)
    secondDict = myTree[firstStr]
    plotTree.yOff = plotTree.yOff - 1.0 / plotTree.totalD
    for key in secondDict.keys():
        if type(secondDict[
                    key]).__name__ == 'dict':  # test to see if the nodes are dictonaires, if not they are leaf nodes
            plotTree(secondDict[key], cntrPt, str(key))  # recursion
        else:  # it's a leaf node print the leaf node
            plotTree.xOff = plotTree.xOff + 1.0 / plotTree.totalW
            plotNode(secondDict[key], (plotTree.xOff, plotTree.yOff), cntrPt, leafNode)
            plotMidText((plotTree.xOff, plotTree.yOff), cntrPt, str(key))
    plotTree.yOff = plotTree.yOff + 1.0 / plotTree.totalD


# if you do get a dictonary you know it's a tree, and the first element will be another dict

def createPlot(inTree):
    fig = plt.figure(1, facecolor='white')
    fig.clf()
    axprops = dict(xticks=[], yticks=[])
    createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False, **axprops)  # no ticks
    # createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False) #ticks for demo puropses
    plotTree.totalW = float(getNumLeafs(inTree))
    plotTree.totalD = float(getTreeDepth(inTree))
    plotTree.xOff = -0.5 / plotTree.totalW;
    plotTree.yOff = 1.0;
    plotTree(inTree, (0.5, 1.0), '')
    plt.show()


# def createPlot():
#    fig = plt.figure(1, facecolor='white')
#    fig.clf()
#    createPlot.ax1 = plt.subplot(111, frameon=False) #ticks for demo puropses
#    plotNode('a decision node', (0.5, 0.1), (0.1, 0.5), decisionNode)
#    plotNode('a leaf node', (0.8, 0.1), (0.3, 0.8), leafNode)
#    plt.show()

def retrieveTree(i):
    listOfTrees = [{'no surfacing': {0: 'no', 1: {'flippers': {0: 'no', 1: 'yes'}}}},
                   {'no surfacing': {0: 'no', 1: {'flippers': {0: {'head': {0: 'no', 1: 'yes'}}, 1: 'no'}}}}
                   ]
    return listOfTrees[i]


myDat,labels = createDataSet()
fr = open('lenses.txt')
lenses = [inst.strip().split('\t') for inst in fr.readlines()]
lensesLabels = ['age', 'prescript', 'astigmatic', 'tearRate']
lensesTree = createTree(lenses,lensesLabels)
print(lensesTree)
createPlot(lensesTree)
# classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]
# print(classList)
# print(myDat)
# print(labels)
# myTree = retrieveTree(0)
# print(myTree)
'''fr = open('lenses.txt')
dataSet = [inst.strip().split('\t') for inst in fr.readlines()]
print(dataSet)
labels = ['age', 'prescript', 'astigmatic', 'tearRate']
# classList = [example[-1] for example in dataSet]
# print(classList)
iris = load_iris()
#X = iris['data'][:, 2:]
#print(X)
#y = iris['target']
#tree_clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=2)
#tree_clf.fit(X, y)
#print(tree_clf.predict([[1.4, 0.2]]))
labels = []
for i in dataSet:
    if i[0] == 'young':
        #print(i[0])
        i[0] = 0
        #print(i[0])
    if i[0] == 'pre':
        i[0] = 1
    if i[0] == 'presbyopic':
        i[0] = 2
    if i[1] == 'myope':
        i[1] = 0
    if i[1] == 'hyper':
        i[1] = 1
    if i[3] == 'normal':
        i[3] = 0
    if i[3] == 'reduced':
        i[3] = 1
    if i[4] == 'soft':
        i[4] = 0
    if i[4] =='hard':
        i[4] = 1
    if i[4] == 'no lenses':
        i[4] = 2
for i in range(len(dataSet)):
    labels.append(dataSet[i].pop(2))
print(dataSet)
#print(labels)
for i in range(len(labels)):
    if  labels[i] == 'no':
         labels[i] = 0
    if  labels[i] == 'yes':
         labels[i] = 1
print(labels)
tree_clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=2)
tree_clf.fit(dataSet, labels)
print(tree_clf.predict([[0,0,0,0]]))
'''