Java笔记ヾ(◍°∇°◍)ﾉﾞ网络编程之章

一、概述

1、计算机网络

计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备，通过通信线路连接起来，在网络操作系统，网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。

2、网络编程的目的

传播交流信息，数据交换。通信

3、想要达到这个效果需要什么

1️⃣ 如何准确定位网络上的一台主机 IP地址+端口， 定位到这个计算机上的某个资源

2️⃣ 找到了这个主机，如何传输数据呢

3️⃣ javaweb：网页编程 B/S架构

4️⃣ 网络编程：TCP/ID C/S架构

二、网络通信的要素

1、如何实现网络通信

1️⃣ 需要知道通信双方地址 ip + 端口号

2️⃣ 规则：网络通信的协议

TCP/IP参考模型

三、IP

package com.cty.IP.lesson1;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.Arrays;

//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 =  InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress2 =  InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 =  InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);

            //查询网站ip地址
            InetAddress inetAddress4 =  InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);

            //常用方法
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(inetAddress4.getAddress()));
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名，或者自己电脑的名称
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

四、端口

package com.cty.IP.lesson1;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);

        //常用方法
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());//端口
    }
}

五、通信协议

TCP UDP对比

TCP:打电话

• 连接，稳定

• 三次握手 四次挥手

  最少需要三次，保证稳定连接
  A：你瞅啥？
  B：瞅你咋地？
  A：干一场！
  
  A：我要走了！
  B：你真的要走了吗？
  B：你真的真的要走了吗？
  A：我真的要走了！
  

• 客户端、服务端

• 传输完成，释放连接，效率低

UDP：发短信

• 不连接，不稳定
• 客户端、服务端：没有明确的界限
• 不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你
• 导弹
• DDOS：洪水攻击（饱和攻击）

六、TCP

1、客户端

1️⃣ 连接服务器 Socket

2️⃣ 发送消息

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.TCP;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {



    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、要知道服务器的地址
        InetAddress serverIp = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        Socket socket = null;

        try {
            serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //2、端口号
            int port = 9999;
            //3、创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIp,port);
            //4、发送消息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if(os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2、服务端

1️⃣ 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket

2️⃣ 等待用户的连接 accept

3️⃣ 接收用户的信息

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.TCP;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、我得有一个地址
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2、等待客户端连接过来
            while(true){
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3、读取客户端消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //一般写法
                //            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//            int len;
//            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
//                String msg =  new String(buffer, 0, len);
//                System.out.println(msg);
//            }

                //4、管道流
                baos =  new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }

                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if(baos != null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is != null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

3、文件上传

1️⃣ 客户端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.TCP;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、创建一个Socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
        //2、创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3、读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
        //4、写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
            os.write(buffer,0, len);
        }
        //通知服务器我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了

        //确定服务器接收完毕了才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]   接收字符串的管道流
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1){
            baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5、关闭资源
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

2️⃣ 服务端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.TCP;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2、监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
        //3、获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4、文件输出  接收文件的管道流
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //统计客户端我接收完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接收完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        //5、关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

七、Tomcat（汤姆猫ヽ(●-`Д´-)ノ？？ ）

1、服务端

• 自定义 S
• Tomcat服务器 S ： java后台开发的重点------用别人的服务器

2、客户端

• 自定义 C
• 浏览器 B

八、UDP

发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址

1、发送消息

1️⃣ 发送端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2、建立一个包
        String msg = "你好啊";

        //发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 0, msg.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length, localhost, port);

        //3、发送包
        socket.send(packet);
    }
}

2️⃣ 接收端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
        socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

2、聊天

1️⃣ 发送端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

public class UdpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据： 控制台读取 System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while (true){
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();

            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
            socket.send(packet);
        }

        //socket.close();
    }
}

2️⃣ 接收端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while(true){

            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

            //断开连接 bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());

            System.out.println(receiveData);

            if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }


        }

    }
}

3、咨询（多线程完整聊天）

1️⃣ 发送端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;
    private int fromPort;

    public TalkSend(String toIP, int toPort, int fromPort) {
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        this.fromPort = fromPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            //读取控制台
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();

        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
            while (true){
                String data = null;
                try {
                    data = reader.readLine();
                    byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                    DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));

                    socket.send(packet);

                    if(data.equals("byd")){
                        break;
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            //socket.close();
    }
}

2️⃣ 接收端

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom){
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        this.port = port;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

                //断开连接 bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());

                System.out.println(msgFrom + ": " + receiveData);

                if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }


        }
    }
}

3️⃣ 学生类

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend("localhost", 6665, 7777)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(4444, "老师")).start();
    }

}

4️⃣ 老师类

package com.cty.IP.lesson2.UDP;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend("localhost", 4444, 5555)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(6665, "学生")).start();
    }
}

九、URL（Java爬虫ヽ(✿ﾟ▽ﾟ)ノ）

统一资源定位符

package com.cty.IP.lesson3;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class URLDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1、下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://pic.netbian.com/uploads/allimg/161014/235925-1476460765fc22.jpg");

        //2、连接到这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("1.jpg");

        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1){
            fos.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }

        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
    }
}