一、解析字节码的作用
通过反编译生成的字节码文件,我们可以深入的了解java代码的工作机制。但是,自己分析类文件太麻烦了,除了使用第三方的jclasslib工具之外,oracle官方也提供了工具: javap。
javap是jdk自带的反解析工具。它的作用就是根据class字节码文件,反解析出当前类对应的code区(字节码指令)、局部变量表、异常表和代码行偏移量映射表、常量池等信息。
通过局部变量表,我们可以查看局部变量的作用域范围、所在槽位等信息,甚至可以看到槽位复用等信息。
二、javac -g 说明
-g 在生成的class文件中包含所有调试信息(行号、变量、源文件)
这个参数在javac编译中是看不到什么作用的,因为调试信息都在class文件中。
在使用javac编译成class文件时,有些信息(如局部变量表、指令和代码行偏移量映射表、常量池中方法等)需要指定某些参数才能输出。
比如,你直接javac xx.java, 就不会生成对应的局部变量表等信息,如果你使用javac -g xx. java就可以生成所有相关信息了。
默认情况下,eclipse、 IDEA在编译时会帮你生成局部变量表、指令和代码行偏移量映射表等信息的。
三、javap的用法
四、使用例子
public class JavapTest {
private int num;
boolean flag;
protected char gender;
public String info;
public static final int COUNTS = 1;
static {
String url = "www.atguigu.com";
}
{
info = "java";
}
public JavapTest() {
}
private JavapTest(boolean falg) {
this.flag = flag;
}
private void methodPrivate() {
}
int getNum(int i) {
return num + i;
}
protected char showGender() {
return gender;
}
public void showInfo() {
int i = 100;
System.out.println(info + i);
}
}
javac -g JavapTest.java
javap -v -p JavapTest.class
Classfile /D:/test/JavapTest.class // 字节码文件所属的路径
Last modified 2022-9-9; size 1332 bytes // 最后修改时间,字节码文件的大小
MD5 checksum b51bfb9f03b6513a89bc45cd775d7d35 // MD5散列值
Compiled from "JavapTest.java" // 源文件的名称
public class JavapTest
minor version: 0 // 副版本
major version: 52 // 主版本
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER // 访问标识
/*************************** 常量池********************************/
Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #16.#47 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = String #48 // java
#3 = Fieldref #15.#49 // JavapTest.info:Ljava/lang/String;
#4 = Fieldref #15.#50 // JavapTest.flag:Z
#5 = Fieldref #15.#51 // JavapTest.num:I
#6 = Fieldref #15.#52 // JavapTest.gender:C
#7 = Fieldref #53.#54 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#8 = Class #55 // java/lang/StringBuilder
#9 = Methodref #8.#47 // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
#10 = Methodref #8.#56 // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#11 = Methodref #8.#57 // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#12 = Methodref #8.#58 // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
#13 = Methodref #59.#60 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#14 = String #61 // www.atguigu.com
#15 = Class #62 // JavapTest
#16 = Class #63 // java/lang/Object
#17 = Utf8 num
#18 = Utf8 I
#19 = Utf8 flag
#20 = Utf8 Z
#21 = Utf8 gender
#22 = Utf8 C
#23 = Utf8 info
#24 = Utf8 Ljava/lang/String;
#25 = Utf8 COUNTS
#26 = Utf8 ConstantValue
#27 = Integer 1
#28 = Utf8 <init>
#29 = Utf8 ()V
#30 = Utf8 Code
#31 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#32 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable
#33 = Utf8 this
#34 = Utf8 LJavapTest;
#35 = Utf8 (Z)V
#36 = Utf8 falg
#37 = Utf8 methodPrivate
#38 = Utf8 getNum
#39 = Utf8 (I)I
#40 = Utf8 i
#41 = Utf8 showGender
#42 = Utf8 ()C
#43 = Utf8 showInfo
#44 = Utf8 <clinit>
#45 = Utf8 SourceFile
#46 = Utf8 JavapTest.java
#47 = NameAndType #28:#29 // "<init>":()V
#48 = Utf8 java
#49 = NameAndType #23:#24 // info:Ljava/lang/String;
#50 = NameAndType #19:#20 // flag:Z
#51 = NameAndType #17:#18 // num:I
#52 = NameAndType #21:#22 // gender:C
#53 = Class #64 // java/lang/System
#54 = NameAndType #65:#66 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#55 = Utf8 java/lang/StringBuilder
#56 = NameAndType #67:#68 // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#57 = NameAndType #67:#69 // append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#58 = NameAndType #70:#71 // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
#59 = Class #72 // java/io/PrintStream
#60 = NameAndType #73:#74 // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#61 = Utf8 www.atguigu.com
#62 = Utf8 JavapTest
#63 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#64 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#65 = Utf8 out
#66 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#67 = Utf8 append
#68 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#69 = Utf8 (I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
#70 = Utf8 toString
#71 = Utf8 ()Ljava/lang/String;
#72 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#73 = Utf8 println
#74 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
/******************************字段表集合的信息**************************************/
{
private int num; // 字段名
descriptor: I // 字段表集合的信息
flags: ACC_PRIVATE // 字段的访问标识
boolean flag;
descriptor: Z
flags:
protected char gender;
descriptor: C
flags: ACC_PROTECTED
public java.lang.String info;
descriptor: Ljava/lang/String;
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
public static final int COUNTS;
descriptor: I
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC, ACC_FINAL
ConstantValue: int 1 // 常量字段的属性:ConstantValue
/******************************方法表集合的信息**************************************/
public JavapTest(); // 无参构造器方法信息
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: ldc #2 // String java
7: putfield #3 // Field info:Ljava/lang/String;
10: return
LineNumberTable:
line 14: 0
line 12: 4
line 16: 10
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 11 0 this LJavapTest;
private JavapTest(boolean); // 单个参数构造器方法信息
descriptor: (Z)V
flags: ACC_PRIVATE
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: ldc #2 // String java
7: putfield #3 // Field info:Ljava/lang/String;
10: aload_0
11: aload_0
12: getfield #4 // Field flag:Z
15: putfield #4 // Field flag:Z
18: return
LineNumberTable:
line 17: 0
line 12: 4
line 18: 10
line 19: 18
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 19 0 this LJavapTest;
0 19 1 falg Z
private void methodPrivate();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PRIVATE
Code:
stack=0, locals=1, args_size=1
0: return
LineNumberTable:
line 22: 0
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 1 0 this LJavapTest;
int getNum(int);
descriptor: (I)I
flags:
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: getfield #5 // Field num:I
4: iload_1
5: iadd
6: ireturn
LineNumberTable:
line 24: 0
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 7 0 this LJavapTest;
0 7 1 i I
protected char showGender();
descriptor: ()C
flags: ACC_PROTECTED
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: getfield #6 // Field gender:C
4: ireturn
LineNumberTable:
line 27: 0
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 5 0 this LJavapTest;
public void showInfo(); // 方法的描述符:方法的形参列表、返回值类型
descriptor: ()V // 方法的访问标识
flags: ACC_PUBLIC // 方法的Code属性
Code: // stack:操作数栈的最大深度 locals:局部变量表的长度 args_size:方法接受参数的个数
stack=3, locals=2, args_size=1
// 偏移量 操作码 操作数
0: bipush 100
2: istore_1
3: getstatic #7 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
6: new #8 // class java/lang/StringBuilder
9: dup
10: invokespecial #9 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
13: aload_0
14: getfield #3 // Field info:Ljava/lang/String;
17: invokevirtual #10 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
20: iload_1
21: invokevirtual #11 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
24: invokevirtual #12 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
27: invokevirtual #13 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
30: return
// 行号表:指明字节码指令的偏移量与java源代码中代码的行号的一一对应关系
LineNumberTable:
line 30: 0
line 31: 3
line 32: 30
// 局部变量表:描述内部局部变量的相关信息
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 31 0 this LJavapTest;
3 28 1 i I
static {};
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_STATIC
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=0
0: ldc #14 // String www.atguigu.com
2: astore_0
3: return
LineNumberTable:
line 9: 0
line 10: 3
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
}
SourceFile: "JavapTest.java"// 附加属性:指明当前字节码文件对应的源程序文件名
jclasslib展示的内容:
五、总结
1、通过javap命令可以查看一个java 类反汇编得到的Class文件版本号、常量池、访问标识、 变量表、指令代码行号表等信息。不显示类索引、父类索引、接口索引集合、<clinit>()、 <init>()等结构
2、通过对前面例子代码反汇编文件的简单分析,可以发现,一个方法的执行通常会涉及下面几块内存的操作
- java栈中:局部变量表、操作数栈。
- java堆:通过对象的地址引用去操作。
- 常量池
- 其他如帧数据区、方法区的剩余部分等情况,测试中没有显示出来,这里说明一下。
3、平常,我们比较关注的是java类中每个方法的反汇编中的指令操作过程,这些指令都是顺序执行的,可以参考官方文档查看每个指令的含义,很简单:
Chapter 6. The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set (oracle.com)