java_多线程

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 1.介绍

 不建议使用继承Tread的方法去创建多线程,java是单继承,这样可避局限性

推荐使用实现接口的方式

使用Callable创建线程

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class CallableThreadTest implements Callable<Integer>{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        CallableThreadTest ctt = new CallableThreadTest();
        FutureTask<Integer> ft = new FutureTask((Callable) ctt);
        for(int i = 0;i < 100;i++)
        {
            //输出的均为当前线程的名字
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" 的循环变量i的值"+i);
            if(i==20)
            {
                new Thread(ft,"有返回值的线程").start();
            }
        }
        try
        {
            System.out.println("子线程的返回值:"+ft.get());
        } catch (InterruptedException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ExecutionException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public Integer call() throws Exception
    {
        int i = 0;
        for(;i<100;i++)
        {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+i);
        }
        return i;
    }
}

2.Lamda 表达式

 

 

 

 

3. 观测线程状态

线程状态
NEWRUNNABLEBLOCKEDWAITINGTIMED_WAITINGTERMINATED
Thread.start();就绪状态和运行状态wait,io操作 read和write;sleep,joinsleep,join死亡状态
public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(() ->{
           for (int i = 0; i<5;i++){
               try {
                   Thread.sleep(1000);
               }catch (InterruptedException e){
                   e.printStackTrace();
               }
           }
            System.out.println("");
        });
        //观察线程状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //开启线程
        thread.start();
        //刷新state的值
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){

            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            state = thread.getState();
            System.out.println(state);
        }
    }
}

4.守护线程

package Tread;

public class TestShouhu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();
        //设置守护线程并启动
        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);
        thread.start();
        //启动默认线程
        new Thread(you).start();
    }
}
    class God implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            while (true){
                //守护线程会随着用户线程的结束而自动结束(等一会儿守护线程才会结束)
                System.out.println("守护线程……");
            }
        }
    }
    class You implements Runnable{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            for (int i = 0;i<300;i++){

                System.out.println("线程还活着");
            }
            System.out.println("==============线程死了==========");
        }
    }

5.线程同步

每个线程在自己的工作内存交互;

并发:多个线程想访问同一个对象

每个对象都有一把锁

解决并发:队列和锁

 

        Obj是对象,锁住的是同步的资源的对象

        用synchronized修饰的类,是直接把类锁了

         

package Tread;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Tongbu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();

        for (int i = 0 ;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                //此处是同步块,()里存放公共资源(对象)
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }
        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

线程安全的集合 CopyOnWriteArrayList

package Tread;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

public class Tongbu {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0 ;i<100;i++){
            new Thread(()->{
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

6.死锁

 死锁的四个必要条件

 

package Tread;

public class SiSuo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"女孩1");
        Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"女孩2");

        g1.start();
        g2.start();
    }
}

    //口红
    class Lipstick{

    }
    //镜子
    class Mirror{

    }

    class Makeup extends Thread{

        //需要的资源只有一份,用Static来保证只有一份
         static Lipstick lipstick= new Lipstick();
         static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

        int choice;//选择
        String girlName;//使用化妆品的人
        Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
            this.choice = choice;
            this.girlName = girlName;
        }
        @Override
        public  void run(){
            try {
                makeup();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
        private  void makeup() throws InterruptedException{
            if (choice == 0){
                
                //这样会导致死锁的产生
                //解决办法是:把mirror锁移出lipstick锁
                synchronized (lipstick){
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    synchronized (mirror){
                        System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
                    }
                }
            }else{
                
                //这样会导致死锁的产生
                //解决办法是:把mirror锁移出lipstick锁
                synchronized (mirror){
                    System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                    synchronized (lipstick){
                        System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

7. Lock 锁(可重入锁)

 synchronized与Lock的对比

package Tread;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Lock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
        new Thread(testLock2).start();
    }
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int tickeNums = 10;

    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                //加锁
                lock.lock();
                if(tickeNums>0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    }catch (InterruptedException e){
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(tickeNums--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }
            }finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }
}

8. 生产者与消费者

 生产者和消费者:管程法和信号灯法区别

 方法一:管程法

package Tread;

public class ProductorConsumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Productor(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;
    public Consumer (SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0;i<100;i++){
            System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
        }
    }
}
//产品
class Chicken{
    int id;
    public Chicken(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    int count =0;
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        if (count==chickens.length){
            try{
                this.wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        chickens[count]=chicken;
        count++;
        this.notifyAll();
    }
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        if (count == 0){
            try{
                this.wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}

方法二:信号灯法

package Tread;

public class ProductorConsumer2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Player(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}
//演员
class Player extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Player(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
            }else{
                this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}
//观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv ;
    public Watcher (TV tv){
        this.tv=tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}
//电视
class TV{
    String voice;
    boolean flag = true;
    public synchronized void play(String voice){
        if (!flag){
            try{
                this.wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
        this.notify();
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            }catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了:"+voice);
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = ! this.flag;
    }
}

 9.线程池

 

 实现Runable接口创建线程池

package Tread;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class XianChengChi {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        service.shutdown();
    }
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

Future模式创建线程池分析

 Future创建线程池

package Tread;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;

public class XianChengChi_Callable {
    //静态方法不能调用非静态方法,所以这里需要是静态的
    public static class Tasker implements Callable<String>{

        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            return "hello";
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        //创建线程池并设置线程数
        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        List<Future<String>> futures = new ArrayList<Future<String>>();
        Future<String> res = null;
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
            res = threadPool.submit(new Tasker());
            futures.add(res);
        }
        threadPool.shutdown();
        for(Future<String> future:futures){
            System.out.println(future.get());
        }
    }
}

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