一、总结
- 贪吃蛇的初步实现的实践就到这里完结。还有一些问题需要去解决(游戏最小化时弹窗依旧显示、弹窗多次弹出、美化图形界面、代码结构有待改进等问题)。
- 还可以增设一些功能(将游戏的历史最高积分做记录、设置游戏不同难度等级、设置游戏难度递增、添加游戏音效等功能)。
二、功能扩展报告
- 增设了迷幻食物(吃到后加两百分，但按键控制反向，吃到普通食物后恢复正常)
- 增设了游戏弹窗(启始弹窗、暂停弹窗、失败弹窗)
三、预期功能展望
代码还有很多需要修改的地方：
- 问题优化
- 优化弹窗最小化问题
- 美化图形界面
- 优化代码结构
- 功能补充
- 记录游戏的历史最高积分
- 设置游戏不同难度等级
- 设置难度递增
- 添加游戏音效
四、游戏效果展示
五、程序代码展示
1：游戏进入弹窗
SignDialog.java
代码如下：
package snakedialog;
import snakegame5.GamePanel5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class SignDialog extends JDialog {
public SignDialog() {
setTitle("贪吃蛇");
setSize(650, 450); //宽高
setLocationRelativeTo(null); //屏幕中央弹出
setResizable(false); //不可改变窗口大小
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(null);
JButton jb1 = new JButton("开始游戏");
JButton jb2 = new JButton("退出游戏");
jb1.setBounds(150, 250, 130, 70);
jb2.setBounds(370, 250, 130, 70);
jb1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
JLabel label = new JLabel("贪吃蛇游戏");
label.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 70));
label.setBounds(120, 80, 400, 80);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
panel.add(jb1);
panel.add(jb2);
panel.add(label);
add(panel);
setVisible(true); //展现窗口
setAlwaysOnTop(true); //窗口置顶
setModal(true);
//按钮监听
jb1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
setVisible(false);
//开始按钮
GamePanel5.setIsStart(true); //开始游戏
}
});
jb2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
//退出按钮
System.exit(0); //退出游戏
}
});
}
}
2：游戏暂停弹窗
PauseDialog.java
代码如下：
package snakedialog;
import snakegame5.GamePanel5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class PauseDialog extends JDialog {
public PauseDialog() {
setTitle("游戏暂停");
setSize(650, 450); //宽高
setLocationRelativeTo(null); //屏幕中央弹出
setResizable(false); //不可改变窗口大小
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(null);
JButton jb1 = new JButton("重新开始");
JButton jb2 = new JButton("退出游戏");
JButton jb3 = new JButton("继续游戏");
jb1.setBounds(260, 250, 130, 70);
jb2.setBounds(420, 250, 130, 70);
jb3.setBounds(100, 250, 130, 70);
jb1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb3.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
JLabel label = new JLabel("游戏暂停");
label.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 70));
label.setBounds(120, 80, 400, 80);
label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
panel.add(jb1);
panel.add(jb2);
panel.add(jb3);
panel.add(label);
add(panel);
setVisible(true); //展现窗口
setAlwaysOnTop(true); //窗口置顶
//按钮监听
jb1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
//重新开始按钮
setVisible(false);
GamePanel5.setIsAgain(true); //重新开始游戏
}
});
jb2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
//退出按钮
System.exit(0); //退出游戏
}
});
jb3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
//继续按钮
setVisible(false);
GamePanel5.setIsStart(true); //继续游戏
}
});
}
}
3：游戏失败弹窗
FailDialog.java
代码如下：
package snakedialog;
import snakegame5.GamePanel5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class FailDialog extends JDialog {
public FailDialog() {
setTitle("游戏结束");
setSize(650, 450); //宽高
setLocationRelativeTo(null); //屏幕中央弹出
setResizable(false); //不可改变窗口大小
JPanel panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(null);
JButton jb1 = new JButton("重新开始");
JButton jb2 = new JButton("退出游戏");
jb1.setBounds(150, 250, 130, 70);
jb2.setBounds(370, 250, 130, 70);
jb1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
jb2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 22));
if(GamePanel5.isIsFail()) {
JLabel label1 = new JLabel();
if (GamePanel5.isWallFail()) {
label1.setText("撞到墙壁");
} else if(GamePanel5.isOwnFail()) {
label1.setText("撞到自己");
} else if(GamePanel5.isPoisonFail()){
label1.setText("食物中毒");
}
label1.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 70));
label1.setForeground(Color.red);
label1.setBounds(120, 40, 400, 80);
label1.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
panel.add(label1);
}
JLabel label2 = new JLabel();
label2.setText("最终得分："+GamePanel5.getScore());
label2.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 50));
label2.setBounds(120, 120, 400, 80);
label2.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
panel.add(jb1);
panel.add(jb2);
panel.add(label2);
add(panel);
setVisible(true); //展现窗口
setAlwaysOnTop(true); //窗口置顶
//按钮监听
jb1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
//重新开始按钮
setVisible(false);
GamePanel5.setIsAgain(true); //重新开始游戏
}
});
jb2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
//退出按钮
System.exit(0); //退出游戏
}
});
}
}
4：程序的入口
StartGame.java
代码如下：
package snakegame5;
import snakedialog.SignDialog;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
//程序启动
public class StartGame5 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//绘制静态窗口
JFrame frame = new JFrame("贪吃蛇小游戏");
//设置界面的宽高
frame.setSize(965, 655);
//屏幕中央弹出
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
//窗口大小固定
frame.setResizable(false);
//关闭窗口时退出程序
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//添加窗口图标
frame.setIconImage(Data5.Timage);
//添加游戏面板
frame.add(new GamePanel5());
//设置窗体可见
frame.setVisible(true);
new SignDialog(); //游戏初始进入界面
//如果平台支持系统托盘则设置系统托盘
/* if (SystemTray.isSupported()) {
//新建弹出菜单
PopupMenu popupMenu = new PopupMenu();
//新建菜单选项
MenuItem openItem = new MenuItem("open");
MenuItem hideItem = new MenuItem("hide");
MenuItem exitItem = new MenuItem("exit");
//设置open菜单监听
openItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (!frame.isShowing()) {
frame.setExtendedState(JFrame.NORMAL);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
});
//设置hide菜单监听
hideItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {
frame.setExtendedState(JFrame.ICONIFIED);
}
});
//设置exit菜单监听
exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
//添加菜单项
popupMenu.add(openItem);
popupMenu.add(hideItem);
popupMenu.add(exitItem);
//调用构造器//图片/信息/菜单
TrayIcon trayIcon = new TrayIcon(Data.image, "贪吃蛇小游戏", popupMenu);
//获得系统托盘
SystemTray systemTray = SystemTray.getSystemTray();
//自适应图片大小
trayIcon.setImageAutoSize(true);
//添加到系统托盘
try {
systemTray.add(trayIcon);
} catch (AWTException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//窗口最小化事件监听
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
frame.dispose();
}
});
//鼠标点击托盘事件监听
trayIcon.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
if (e.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1 && !frame.isShowing()) {
frame.setExtendedState(JFrame.NORMAL);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
});
} */
}
}
5：程序的主体
GamePanel.java
代码如下：
package snakegame5;
import snakedialog.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;
//游戏面板
public class GamePanel5 extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
//一、基本属性
//定义蛇
private static int length; //蛇的长度
//蛇的坐标
private static final int[] snakeX = new int[800];
private static final int[] snakeY = new int[800];
private static String order; //方向，"R"(右),"L"(左),"U"(上),"D"(下);
private static boolean isStart; //开始判断(默认暂停)
private static boolean isFail; //死亡判断(默认存活)
//细分失败种类判定
private static boolean wallFail;
private static boolean ownFail;
private static boolean poisonFail;
//添加是否取反判定
private static boolean isRevere;
//添加弹窗所需判定
private static boolean isFirst;
private static boolean isAgain;
//初始化定时器
Timer timer = new Timer(100, this);
//定义食物
//定义随机数，用于概率生成不同食物
private static int randomInt1;
private static int randomInt2;
//食物的坐标
private static int foodX;
private static int foodY;
//实例化Random对象
Random random = new Random();
//设置积分系统
private static int score; //积分
private static final int f = 50; //蓝豆50分
private static final int Df = 100; //红豆100分
private static final int Rf = 200; //紫豆200分
//特殊食物的坐标
private static int specialX;
private static int specialY;
//get()/set()方法
public static boolean isIsFail() {
return isFail;
}
public static boolean isOwnFail() {
return ownFail;
}
public static boolean isWallFail() {
return wallFail;
}
public static boolean isPoisonFail() {
return poisonFail;
}
public static int getScore() {
return score;
}
public static void setIsAgain(boolean isAgain) {
GamePanel4.isAgain = isAgain;
}
public static void setIsStart(boolean isStart) {
GamePanel4.isStart = isStart;
}
//二、初始化操作
//定义构造器
public GamePanel5() {
init(); //调用初始化方法
isFirst = true; //初始启动
//获取键盘监听事件
this.setFocusable(true); //对窗口设置键盘焦点
this.addKeyListener(this); //添加监听器
//启动定时器
timer.start();
}
//生成食物坐标的方法
public void foodUpdate() {
//生成随机数(0~100)//用于概率生成不同食物
//(0~20)(大积分)，(20~100)(小积分)
randomInt1 = (int) (Math.random() * 100);
randomInt2 = (int) (Math.random() * 100);
//随机生成食物/毒食物位置
int cnt;
do {
//生成食物坐标
foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(36);
foodY = 50 + 25 * random.nextInt(22);
specialX = 100 + 25 * random.nextInt(30);
specialY = 100 + 25 * random.nextInt(16);
//循环判定是否有两者坐标重合
cnt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= length; i++) {
if (!((snakeX[i] == foodX && snakeY[i] == foodY) ||
(snakeX[i] == specialX && snakeY[i] != specialY) ||
(foodX == specialX && foodY == specialY))) { //只要有两者位置重合则不执行自加操作
cnt++;
}
}
} while (cnt <= length); //cnt<=length说明有重合现象，回到循环
}
//定义初始化方法
public void init() {
length = 3; //初始化蛇长(3节)
score = 0; //积分清零
//判定初始化
isFail = false;
poisonFail = false;
wallFail = false;
ownFail = false;
isRevere = false;
//随机生成蛇头位置//25为最小单位
snakeX[0] = 100 + 25 * random.nextInt(30);
snakeY[0] = 100 + 25 * random.nextInt(16);
//等概率生成蛇头方向
//根据蛇头方向生成初始蛇身
int r = (int) (Math.random() * 4);
int a = snakeX[0];
int b = snakeY[0];
switch (r) {
case 0:
order = "R";
snakeX[1] = a - 25;
snakeY[1] = b;
snakeX[2] = a - 50;
snakeY[2] = b;
snakeX[3] = a - 75;
snakeY[3] = b;
break;
case 1:
order = "L";
snakeX[1] = a + 25;
snakeY[1] = b;
snakeX[2] = a + 50;
snakeY[2] = b;
snakeX[3] = a + 75;
snakeY[3] = b;
break;
case 2:
order = "U";
snakeX[1] = a;
snakeY[1] = b + 25;
snakeX[2] = a;
snakeY[2] = b + 50;
snakeX[3] = a;
snakeY[3] = b + 75;
break;
case 3:
order = "D";
snakeX[1] = a;
snakeY[1] = b - 25;
snakeX[2] = a;
snakeY[2] = b - 50;
snakeX[3] = a;
snakeY[3] = b - 75;
break;
}
foodUpdate(); //调用食物位置初始化方法
}
//三、画板：绘制操作
@Override
protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
//画界面
super.paintComponent(g); //清屏操作
this.setBackground(Color.white); //设置背景颜色
//绘制游戏区域
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.fillRect(25, 50, 900, 550);
//绘制帮助提示
g.setColor(Color.black);
g.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 25));
//食物列表
g.drawString("食物列表：", 30, 45);
Data5.food.paintIcon(this, g, 150, 24);
Data5.Dfood.paintIcon(this, g, 240, 24);
Data5.poison.paintIcon(this, g, 340, 24);
Data5.reverse.paintIcon(this, g, 545, 24);
g.drawString("50分", 180, 45);
g.drawString("100分", 270, 45);
g.drawString("有毒食物(死亡)", 370, 45);
g.drawString("迷幻食物(200分)", 575, 45);
//按键控制
g.drawString("按键控制：", 30, 20);
g.drawString("(W/A/S/D)(UP/LEFT/DOWN/RIGHT)(上/左/下/右)", 150, 20);
//画框
g.drawRect(25, 0, 900, 50);
g.drawLine(760, 0, 760, 50);
g.drawLine(25, 23, 925, 23);
//画积分
g.setColor(Color.black); //设置字体颜色
g.setFont(new Font("方正舒体", Font.BOLD, 25));
g.drawString("分数：" + (score) + "分", 760, 45);
g.drawString("长度：" + (length) + "节", 760, 20);
//根据当前的方向(order)画蛇头
switch (order) {
case "R":
Data5.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
break;
case "L":
Data5.left.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
break;
case "U":
Data5.up.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
break;
case "D":
Data5.down.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
break;
}
//画蛇身
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
Data5.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[i], snakeY[i]);
}
//画食物
if (randomInt1 < 20) { //蓝豆(1/5)
Data5.Dfood.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);
} else { //红豆(4/5)
Data5.food.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);
}
if (randomInt2 < 20) { //有毒食物
if (!poisonFail) //非中毒死亡时显示有毒食物
Data5.poison.paintIcon(this, g, specialX, specialY);
} else { //致幻食物
Data5.reverse.paintIcon(this, g, specialX, specialY);
}
//对话框交互事件
//游戏开始提示语句(游戏暂停时且游戏未失败)(非首次暂停)
if (!isStart && !isFail && !isFirst) {
new PauseDialog(); // 游戏停止对话框
}
//游戏结束提示语句(游戏失败时)
if (isFail) {
isStart = false; //停止游戏
new FailDialog(); //游戏失败对话框
}
}
//四、监听器：执行键盘操作
@Override
//键盘按下(未释放)
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//接收键盘的输入
int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
//若按下了空格键
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE) {
//按下空格键暂停游戏
isFirst = false;
//停止后不再是进入游戏的第一次
isStart = false;
//刷新(重画)界面
repaint();
}
//('W'/'S'/'A'/'D'键或'up'/'down'/'left'/'right'键)按键控制蛇头转向//防止蛇头反向转动
if (isStart) { //防止游戏暂停时方向按键被有效监听//增加取反判定
if (!order.equals("R") && !order.equals("L")) {
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT || keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_A) {
if (isRevere) {
order = "R";
} else {
order = "L";
}
}
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT || keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_D) {
if (isRevere) {
order = "L";
} else {
order = "R";
}
}
} else { //(!order.equals("W") && !order.equals("D"))
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP || keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_W) {
if (isRevere) {
order = "D";
} else {
order = "U";
}
}
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN || keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_S) {
if (isRevere) {
order = "U";
} else {
order = "D";
}
}
}
}
}
//五、定时器：执行定时操作
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
//如果选择重新开始则重新初始化程序
if (isAgain) {
init(); //重新做初始化操作
isAgain = false; //重置判定
isStart = true; //开始游戏
}
//若游戏处于开始状态(蛇发生移动)
if (isStart) {
//蛇身移动//保留第length个蛇身的坐标
for (int i = length; i > 0; i--) {
snakeX[i] = snakeX[i - 1];
snakeY[i] = snakeY[i - 1];
}
//蛇头移动
switch (order) {
case "R":
snakeX[0] += 25;
break;
case "L":
snakeX[0] -= 25;
break;
case "U":
snakeY[0] -= 25;
break;
case "D":
snakeY[0] += 25;
break;
}
//游戏失败判定
//蛇头碰到墙后失败(判定蛇头坐标是否在墙外)
if (snakeX[0] > 900 || snakeX[0] < 25 || snakeY[0] < 50 || snakeY[0] > 575) {
//判定为失败
isFail = true;
wallFail = true;
}
//蛇头碰到蛇身后失败(循环判定蛇头坐标是否与任一节蛇身重合)
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
if (snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]) {
//判定为失败
isFail = true;
ownFail = true;
break;
}
}
//游戏失败后对蛇体展示优化
if (isFail) {
snakeX[0] = snakeX[1];
snakeY[0] = snakeY[1];
snakeX[1] = snakeX[length];
snakeY[1] = snakeY[length];
}
//蛇头与特殊食物重合时
if (snakeX[0] == specialX && snakeY[0] == specialY) {
if (randomInt2 < 20) { //蛇吃到毒食物(坐标重合)后游戏失败
isFail = true;
poisonFail = true;
} else { //蛇吃到致幻食物(坐标重合)后方向控制取反
isRevere = true;
length++;
score += Rf;
foodUpdate(); //调用食物位置初始化方法
}
}
//蛇吃到食物(坐标重合)后增长/积分
if (snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY) {
length++; //蛇身长度加一
//根据随机数判断生成的食物
if (randomInt1 < 20) {
score += Df;
} else {
score += f;
}
isRevere = false; //吃到普通食物后恢复
foodUpdate(); //调用食物位置初始化方法
}
//刷新(重画)界面
repaint();
}
//启动定时器
timer.start();
}
@Override
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent keyEvent) {
}
@Override
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent keyEvent) {
}
}
6：存放图片资源
Data.java
代码如下：
package snakegame5;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class Data5 {
//导入素材图片
//窗口图标
public static Image Timage = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/Thetitle5.jpg")).getImage();
//托盘图标
public static Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/Thetitle5.jpg"));
//蛇头图片
public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/up5.jpg"));
public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/left5.jpg"));
public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/right5.jpg"));
public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/down5.jpg"));
//蛇身图片
public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/body5.jpg"));
//食物图片
public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/food5.jpg"));
public static ImageIcon Dfood = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/Dfood5.jpg"));
public static ImageIcon poison = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/poison5.jpg"));
public static ImageIcon reverse = new ImageIcon(Data5.class.getResource("/resources5/reverse5.jpg"));
}
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