Linux网络编程---Web服务器

一、简单Web服务器实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define MAXSIZE 2048


// 获取一行 \r\n 结尾的数据 
int get_line(int cfd, char *buf, int size)
{
    int i = 0;
    char c = '\0';
    int n;
    while ((i < size-1) && (c != '\n')) {  
        n = recv(cfd, &c, 1, 0);
        if (n > 0) {     
            if (c == '\r') {            
                n = recv(cfd, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
                if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n')) {              
                    recv(cfd, &c, 1, 0);
                } else {                       
                    c = '\n';
                }
            }
            buf[i] = c;
            i++;
        } else {      
            c = '\n';
        }
    }
    buf[i] = '\0';
    
    if (-1 == n)
        i = n;

    return i;
}

int init_listen_fd(int port, int epfd)
{
    //　创建监听的套接字 lfd
    int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (lfd == -1) {    
        perror("socket error");
        exit(1);
    }
    // 创建服务器地址结构 IP+port
    struct sockaddr_in srv_addr;
    
    bzero(&srv_addr, sizeof(srv_addr));
    srv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    srv_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
    srv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    // 端口复用
    int opt = 1;
    setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
    
    // 给 lfd 绑定地址结构
    int ret = bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&srv_addr, sizeof(srv_addr));
    if (ret == -1) {   
        perror("bind error");
        exit(1);
    }
    // 设置监听上限
    ret = listen(lfd, 128);
    if (ret == -1) { 
        perror("listen error");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    // lfd 添加到 epoll 树上
    struct epoll_event ev;
    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
    ev.data.fd = lfd;
    
    ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, lfd, &ev);
    if (ret == -1) { 
        perror("epoll_ctl add lfd error");
        exit(1);
    }

    return lfd;
}

void do_accept(int lfd, int epfd)
{
        struct sockaddr_in clt_addr;
    socklen_t clt_addr_len = sizeof(clt_addr);
    
    int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&clt_addr, &clt_addr_len);
    if (cfd == -1) {   
        perror("accept error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 打印客户端IP+port
    char client_ip[64] = {0};
    printf("New Client IP: %s, Port: %d, cfd = %d\n",
           inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clt_addr.sin_addr.s_addr, client_ip, sizeof(client_ip)),
           ntohs(clt_addr.sin_port), cfd);

    // 设置 cfd 非阻塞
    int flag = fcntl(cfd, F_GETFL);
    flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(cfd, F_SETFL, flag);

    // 将新节点cfd 挂到 epoll 监听树上
    struct epoll_event ev;
    ev.data.fd = cfd;
    
    // 边沿非阻塞模式
    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
    
    int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cfd, &ev);
    if (ret == -1)  {
        perror("epoll_ctl add cfd error");
        exit(1);
    }
}

// 断开链接
void disconnect(int cfd, int epfd)
{
        int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, cfd, NULL);
        if (ret != 0) {
                perror("epoll_ctl error");      
                exit(1);
        }
        close(cfd);
}

// 客户端端的fd, 错误号，错误描述，回发文件类型， 文件长度 
void send_respond(int cfd, int no, char *disp, char *type, int len)
{
        char buf[4096] = {0};
        
        sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n", no, disp);
        send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        sprintf(buf, "Content-Type:%s\r\n", type);
        sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "Content-Length:%d\r\n", len);
        send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
        
        send(cfd, "\r\n", 2, 0);
}

// 发送服务器本地文件 给浏览器
void send_file(int cfd, const char *file)
{
        int n = 0, ret;
        char buf[4096] = {0};
        
        // 打开的服务器本地文件。  --- cfd 能访问客户端的 socket
        int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
        if (fd == -1) {
                // 404 错误页面
                perror("open error");
                exit(1);
        }
        
        while ((n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {    
                ret = send(cfd, buf, n, 0);
                if (ret == -1) { 
                        printf("errno = %d\n", errno);
                        if (errno == EAGAIN) {
                                printf("-----------------EAGAIN\n");
                                continue;
                        } else if(errno == EINTR) {
                                printf("-----------------EINTR\n");
                                continue;
                        } else { 
                                perror("send error");   
                                exit(1);
                        }       
                }
                if (ret < 4096)         
                        printf("-----send ret: %d\n", ret);
        }
        
        close(fd);              
}

// 处理http请求， 判断文件是否存在， 回发
void http_request(int cfd, const char *file)
{
        struct stat sbuf;
        
        // 判断文件是否存在
        int ret = stat(file, &sbuf);
        if (ret != 0) {
                // 回发浏览器 404 错误页面
                perror("stat");
                exit(1);        
        }
        
        if(S_ISREG(sbuf.st_mode)) {             // 是一个普通文件
                
                // 回发 http协议应答
                //send_respond(cfd, 200, "OK", "text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1", sbuf.st_size);     
                //send_respond(cfd, 200, "OK", "image/jpeg", -1);
                send_respond(cfd, 200, "OK", "audio/mpeg", -1);
                
                // 回发 给客户端请求数据内容。
                send_file(cfd, file);
        }       
}

void do_read(int cfd, int epfd)
{
        // 读取一行http协议， 拆分， 获取 get 文件名 协议号
        char line[1024] = {0};
        char method[16], path[256], protocol[16]; 
        
        int len = get_line(cfd, line, sizeof(line)); //读 http请求协议首行 GET /hello.c HTTP/1.1
        if (len == 0) {
                printf("服务器，检查到客户端关闭....\n"); 
                disconnect(cfd, epfd);
        } else {
                                
                sscanf(line, "%[^ ] %[^ ] %[^ ]", method, path, protocol); 
                printf("method=%s, path=%s, protocol=%s\n", method, path, protocol);
                
                while (1) {
                        char buf[1024] = {0};
                        len = get_line(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));     
                        if (buf[0] == '\n') {
                                break;  
                        } else if (len == -1)
                                break;
                }       
                
        }
        
        if (strncasecmp(method, "GET", 3) == 0)
        {
                char *file = path+1;   // 取出 客户端要访问的文件名
                
                http_request(cfd, file);
                
                disconnect(cfd, epfd);
        }
}

void epoll_run(int port)
{
        int i = 0;
    struct epoll_event all_events[MAXSIZE];

    // 创建一个epoll监听树根
    int epfd = epoll_create(MAXSIZE);
    if (epfd == -1) { 
        perror("epoll_create error");
        exit(1);
    }
    
    // 创建lfd，并添加至监听树
    int lfd = init_listen_fd(port, epfd);
   
    while (1) {
        // 监听节点对应事件
        int ret = epoll_wait(epfd, all_events, MAXSIZE, 0);
        if (ret == -1) {      
            perror("epoll_wait error");
            exit(1);
        }

        for (i=0; i<ret; ++i) {
                    
            // 只处理读事件, 其他事件默认不处理
            struct epoll_event *pev = &all_events[i];
            
            // 不是读事件
            if (!(pev->events & EPOLLIN)) {                     
                continue;
            }
            if (pev->data.fd == lfd) {          // 接受连接请求   
                
                do_accept(lfd, epfd);
                
            } else {                                      // 读数据
                
                do_read(pev->data.fd, epfd);
            }
        }
    }
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ 
    // 命令行参数获取 端口 和 server提供的目录
    if (argc < 3) 
    {
        printf("./server port path\n"); 
    }
    
    // 获取用户输入的端口 
    int port = atoi(argv[1]);
    
    // 改变进程工作目录
    int ret = chdir(argv[2]);
    if (ret != 0) {
        perror("chdir error");  
        exit(1);
    }

        // 启动 epoll监听
        epoll_run(port);

    return 0;
}

 注释如下所示的代码段，分别访问不同的文件

// 回发 http协议应答
//send_respond(cfd, 200, "OK", "text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1", sbuf.st_size); //文本文件    
//send_respond(cfd, 200, "OK", "image/jpeg", -1);//jpg文件
send_respond(cfd, 200, "OK", "audio/mpeg", -1);//mp3文件

1. 访问mp3文件步骤如下：

1. 执行命令./myhttpd 1234 /home/itgan/dir/        前提是目录下提前准备了mp3文件

2.在浏览器中输入IP：指定的端口/文件类型        如：192.168.88.129：1234/long.mp3

服务器正常运行，且能正常播放音乐，输出结果如下：

 2. 访问jpg文件步骤如下：

1. 将回发 http协议应答处的代码注释MP3文件的应答，改为jpg文件应答

2. 执行命令./myhttpd 1234 /home/itgan/dir/        前提是目录下提前准备了jpg文件

3. 在浏览器中输入IP：指定的端口/文件类型        如：192.168.88.129：1234/xingyun.jpg

 服务器正常运行，且能显示图片，输出结果如下：

3. 访问.c文件步骤如下： 

1. 将回发 http协议应答处的代码注释图片文件的应答，改为文本文件应答

2. 执行命令./myhttpd 1234 /home/itgan/dir/        前提是目录下提前准备了文本文件

3. 在浏览器中输入IP：指定的端口/文件类型        如：192.168.88.129：1234/hello.c

服务器正常运行，且能显示文档内容，输出结果如下： 

 二、基于epoll实现Web服务器

epoll_server.h

#ifndef _EPOLL_SERVER_H
#define _EPOLL_SERVER_H

int init_listen_fd(int port, int epfd);
void epoll_run(int port);
void do_accept(int lfd, int epfd);
void do_read(int cfd, int epfd);
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size);
void disconnect(int cfd, int epfd);
void http_request(const char* request, int cfd);
void send_respond_head(int cfd, int no, const char* desp, const char* type, long len);
void send_file(int cfd, const char* filename);
void send_dir(int cfd, const char* dirname);
void encode_str(char* to, int tosize, const char* from);
void decode_str(char *to, char *from);
const char *get_file_type(const char *name);

#endif

epoll_server.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include "epoll_server.h"

#define MAXSIZE 2000

void send_error(int cfd, int status, char *title, char *text)
{
	char buf[4096] = {0};

	sprintf(buf, "%s %d %s\r\n", "HTTP/1.1", status, title);
	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "Content-Type:%s\r\n", "text/html");
	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "Content-Length:%d\r\n", -1);
	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "Connection: close\r\n");
	send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
	send(cfd, "\r\n", 2, 0);

	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));

	sprintf(buf, "<html><head><title>%d %s</title></head>\n", status, title);
	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<body bgcolor=\"#cc99cc\"><h2 align=\"center\">%d %s</h4>\n", status, title);
	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "%s\n", text);
	sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<hr>\n</body>\n</html>\n");
	send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
	
	return ;
}

void epoll_run(int port)
{
    int i = 0;

    // 创建一个epoll树的根节点
    int epfd = epoll_create(MAXSIZE);
    if(epfd == -1) {   
        perror("epoll_create error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 添加要监听的节点
    // 先添加监听lfd
    int lfd = init_listen_fd(port, epfd);

    // 委托内核检测添加到树上的节点
    struct epoll_event all[MAXSIZE];
    while(1) {
    
        int ret = epoll_wait(epfd, all, MAXSIZE, 0);
        if(ret == -1) {
        
            perror("epoll_wait error");
            exit(1);
        }

        // 遍历发生变化的节点
        for(i=0; i<ret; ++i)
        {
            // 只处理读事件, 其他事件默认不处理
            struct epoll_event *pev = &all[i];
            if(!(pev->events & EPOLLIN)) {
             
                // 不是读事件
                continue;
            }
            if(pev->data.fd == lfd){
             
                // 接受连接请求
                do_accept(lfd, epfd);
            } else {
            
                // 读数据
                printf("======================before do read, ret = %d\n", ret);
                do_read(pev->data.fd, epfd);
                printf("=========================================after do read\n");
            }
        }
    }
}

// 读数据
void do_read(int cfd, int epfd)
{
    // 将浏览器发过来的数据, 读到buf中 
    char line[1024] = {0};
    // 读请求行
    int len = get_line(cfd, line, sizeof(line));
    if(len == 0) {   
        printf("客户端断开了连接...\n");
        // 关闭套接字, cfd从epoll上del
        disconnect(cfd, epfd);         
    } else { 
    	printf("============= 请求头 ============\n");   
        printf("请求行数据: %s", line);
        // 还有数据没读完,继续读走
		while (1) {
			char buf[1024] = {0};
			len = get_line(cfd, buf, sizeof(buf));	
			if (buf[0] == '\n') {
				break;	
			} else if (len == -1)
				break;
		}
        printf("============= The End ============\n");
    }
    
    // 判断get请求
    if(strncasecmp("get", line, 3) == 0) { // 请求行: get /hello.c http/1.1   
        // 处理http请求
        http_request(line, cfd);
        
        // 关闭套接字, cfd从epoll上del
        disconnect(cfd, epfd);         
    }
}

// 断开连接的函数
void disconnect(int cfd, int epfd)
{
    int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, cfd, NULL);
    if(ret == -1) {   
        perror("epoll_ctl del cfd error");
        exit(1);
    }
    close(cfd);
}

// http请求处理
void http_request(const char* request, int cfd)
{
    // 拆分http请求行
    char method[12], path[1024], protocol[12];
    sscanf(request, "%[^ ] %[^ ] %[^ ]", method, path, protocol);
    printf("method = %s, path = %s, protocol = %s\n", method, path, protocol);

    // 转码 将不能识别的中文乱码 -> 中文
    // 解码 %23 %34 %5f
    decode_str(path, path);
        
    char* file = path+1; // 去掉path中的/ 获取访问文件名
    
    // 如果没有指定访问的资源, 默认显示资源目录中的内容
    if(strcmp(path, "/") == 0) {    
        // file的值, 资源目录的当前位置
        file = "./";
    }

    // 获取文件属性
    struct stat st;
    int ret = stat(file, &st);
    if(ret == -1) { 
        send_error(cfd, 404, "Not Found", "NO such file or direntry");     
        return;
    }

    // 判断是目录还是文件
    if(S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {  		// 目录 
        // 发送头信息
        send_respond_head(cfd, 200, "OK", get_file_type(".html"), -1);
        // 发送目录信息
        send_dir(cfd, file);
    } else if(S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) { // 文件        
        // 发送消息报头
        send_respond_head(cfd, 200, "OK", get_file_type(file), st.st_size);
        // 发送文件内容
        send_file(cfd, file);
    }
}

// 发送目录内容
void send_dir(int cfd, const char* dirname)
{
    int i, ret;

    // 拼一个html页面<table></table>
    char buf[4094] = {0};

    sprintf(buf, "<html><head><title>目录名: %s</title></head>", dirname);
    sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<body><h1>当前目录: %s</h1><table>", dirname);

    char enstr[1024] = {0};
    char path[1024] = {0};
    
    // 目录项二级指针
    struct dirent** ptr;
    int num = scandir(dirname, &ptr, NULL, alphasort);
    
    // 遍历
    for(i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
    
        char* name = ptr[i]->d_name;

        // 拼接文件的完整路径
        sprintf(path, "%s/%s", dirname, name);
        printf("path = %s ===================\n", path);
        struct stat st;
        stat(path, &st);

		// 编码生成 %E5 %A7 之类的东西
        encode_str(enstr, sizeof(enstr), name);
        
        // 如果是文件
        if(S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {       
            sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), 
                    "<tr><td><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></td><td>%ld</td></tr>",
                    enstr, name, (long)st.st_size);
        } else if(S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {		// 如果是目录       
            sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), 
                    "<tr><td><a href=\"%s/\">%s/</a></td><td>%ld</td></tr>",
                    enstr, name, (long)st.st_size);
        }
        ret = send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
        if (ret == -1) {
            if (errno == EAGAIN) {
                perror("send error:");
                continue;
            } else if (errno == EINTR) {
                perror("send error:");
                continue;
            } else {
                perror("send error:");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
        // 字符串拼接
    }

    sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "</table></body></html>");
    send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);

    printf("dir message send OK!!!!\n");
#if 0
    // 打开目录
    DIR* dir = opendir(dirname);
    if(dir == NULL)
    {
        perror("opendir error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 读目录
    struct dirent* ptr = NULL;
    while( (ptr = readdir(dir)) != NULL )
    {
        char* name = ptr->d_name;
    }
    closedir(dir);
#endif
}

// 发送响应头
void send_respond_head(int cfd, int no, const char* desp, const char* type, long len)
{
    char buf[1024] = {0};
    // 状态行
    sprintf(buf, "http/1.1 %d %s\r\n", no, desp);
    send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    // 消息报头
    sprintf(buf, "Content-Type:%s\r\n", type);
    sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "Content-Length:%ld\r\n", len);
    send(cfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
    // 空行
    send(cfd, "\r\n", 2, 0);
}

// 发送文件
void send_file(int cfd, const char* filename)
{
    // 打开文件
    int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
    if(fd == -1) {   
        send_error(cfd, 404, "Not Found", "NO such file or direntry");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 循环读文件
    char buf[4096] = {0};
    int len = 0, ret = 0;
    while( (len = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0 ) {   
        // 发送读出的数据
        ret = send(cfd, buf, len, 0);
        if (ret == -1) {
            if (errno == EAGAIN) {
                perror("send error:");
                continue;
            } else if (errno == EINTR) {
                perror("send error:");
                continue;
            } else {
                perror("send error:");
                exit(1);
            }
        }
    }
    if(len == -1)  {  
        perror("read file error");
        exit(1);
    }

    close(fd);
}

// 解析http请求消息的每一行内容
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
{
    int i = 0;
    char c = '\0';
    int n;
    while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n')) {    
        n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
        if (n > 0) {        
            if (c == '\r') {            
                n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
                if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n')) {               
                    recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
                } else {                            
                    c = '\n';
                }
            }
            buf[i] = c;
            i++;
        } else {       
            c = '\n';
        }
    }
    buf[i] = '\0';

    return i;
}

// 接受新连接处理
void do_accept(int lfd, int epfd)
{
    struct sockaddr_in client;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(client);
    int cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&client, &len);
    if(cfd == -1) {  
        perror("accept error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 打印客户端信息
    char ip[64] = {0};
    printf("New Client IP: %s, Port: %d, cfd = %d\n",
           inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client.sin_addr.s_addr, ip, sizeof(ip)),
           ntohs(client.sin_port), cfd);

    // 设置cfd为非阻塞
    int flag = fcntl(cfd, F_GETFL);
    flag |= O_NONBLOCK;
    fcntl(cfd, F_SETFL, flag);

    // 得到的新节点挂到epoll树上
    struct epoll_event ev;
    ev.data.fd = cfd;
    // 边沿非阻塞模式
    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
    int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cfd, &ev);
    if(ret == -1) { 
        perror("epoll_ctl add cfd error");
        exit(1);
    }
}

int init_listen_fd(int port, int epfd)
{
    //　创建监听的套接字
    int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if(lfd == -1) {  
        perror("socket error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // lfd绑定本地IP和port
    struct sockaddr_in serv;
    memset(&serv, 0, sizeof(serv));
    serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv.sin_port = htons(port);
    serv.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    // 端口复用
    int flag = 1;
    setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &flag, sizeof(flag));
    
    int ret = bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr*)&serv, sizeof(serv));
    if(ret == -1) {    
        perror("bind error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // 设置监听
    ret = listen(lfd, 64);
    if(ret == -1) {    
        perror("listen error");
        exit(1);
    }

    // lfd添加到epoll树上
    struct epoll_event ev;
    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
    ev.data.fd = lfd;
    ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, lfd, &ev);
    if(ret == -1) {  
        perror("epoll_ctl add lfd error");
        exit(1);
    }
    return lfd;
}

// 16进制数转化为10进制
int hexit(char c)
{
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
        return c - '0';
    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
        return c - 'a' + 10;
    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
        return c - 'A' + 10;

    return 0;
}

/*
 *  这里的内容是处理%20之类的东西！是"解码"过程。
 *  %20 URL编码中的‘ ’(space)
 *  %21 '!' %22 '"' %23 '#' %24 '$'
 *  %25 '%' %26 '&' %27 ''' %28 '('......
 *  相关知识html中的‘ ’(space)是&nbsp
 */
void encode_str(char* to, int tosize, const char* from)
{
    int tolen;

    for (tolen = 0; *from != '\0' && tolen + 4 < tosize; ++from) {    
        if (isalnum(*from) || strchr("/_.-~", *from) != (char*)0) {      
            *to = *from;
            ++to;
            ++tolen;
        } else {
            sprintf(to, "%%%02x", (int) *from & 0xff);
            to += 3;
            tolen += 3;
        }
    }
    *to = '\0';
}

void decode_str(char *to, char *from)
{
    for ( ; *from != '\0'; ++to, ++from  ) {     
        if (from[0] == '%' && isxdigit(from[1]) && isxdigit(from[2])) {       
            *to = hexit(from[1])*16 + hexit(from[2]);
            from += 2;                      
        } else {
            *to = *from;
        }
    }
    *to = '\0';
}

// 通过文件名获取文件的类型
const char *get_file_type(const char *name)
{
    char* dot;

    // 自右向左查找‘.’字符, 如不存在返回NULL
    dot = strrchr(name, '.');   
    if (dot == NULL)
        return "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".html") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".htm") == 0)
        return "text/html; charset=utf-8";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".jpg") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".jpeg") == 0)
        return "image/jpeg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".gif") == 0)
        return "image/gif";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".png") == 0)
        return "image/png";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".css") == 0)
        return "text/css";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".au") == 0)
        return "audio/basic";
    if (strcmp( dot, ".wav" ) == 0)
        return "audio/wav";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".avi") == 0)
        return "video/x-msvideo";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".mov") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".qt") == 0)
        return "video/quicktime";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".mpeg") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".mpe") == 0)
        return "video/mpeg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".vrml") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".wrl") == 0)
        return "model/vrml";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".midi") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".mid") == 0)
        return "audio/midi";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".mp3") == 0)
        return "audio/mpeg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".ogg") == 0)
        return "application/ogg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".pac") == 0)
        return "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig";

    return "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
}

三、基于libevent实现Web服务器

libevent_http.h

#ifndef _LIBEVENT_HTTP_H
#define _LIBEVENT_HTTP_H

#include <event2/event.h>

void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data);

void conn_readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data);

const char *get_file_type(char *name);

int hexit(char c);

void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, evutil_socket_t fd,
                 struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data);

int response_http(struct bufferevent *bev, const char *method, char *path);

int send_dir(struct bufferevent *bev,const char *dirname);

int send_error(struct bufferevent *bev);

int send_file_to_http(const char *filename, struct bufferevent *bev);

int send_header(struct bufferevent *bev, int no, const char* desp, const char *type, long len);

void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data);

void strdecode(char *to, char *from);

void strencode(char* to, size_t tosize, const char* from);

#endif

 libevent_http.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <event2/bufferevent.h>
#include <event2/buffer.h>
#include <event2/listener.h>
#include "libevent_http.h"

#define _HTTP_CLOSE_ "Connection: close\r\n"

int response_http(struct bufferevent *bev, const char *method, char *path)
{
    if(strcasecmp("GET", method) == 0){
        //get method ...
        strdecode(path, path);
        char *pf = &path[1];

        if(strcmp(path, "/") == 0 || strcmp(path, "/.") == 0)
        {
            pf="./";
        }

        printf("***** http Request Resource Path =  %s, pf = %s\n", path, pf);

        struct stat sb;
        if(stat(pf,&sb) < 0)
        {
            perror("open file err:");
            send_error(bev);
            return -1;
        }

        if(S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))//处理目录
        {
            //应该显示目录列表
            send_header(bev, 200, "OK", get_file_type(".html"), -1);
            send_dir(bev, pf);
        }
        else //处理文件
        {
            send_header(bev, 200, "OK", get_file_type(pf), sb.st_size);
            send_file_to_http(pf, bev);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
     *charset=iso-8859-1	西欧的编码，说明网站采用的编码是英文；
     *charset=gb2312		说明网站采用的编码是简体中文；
     *charset=utf-8			代表世界通用的语言编码；
     *						可以用到中文、韩文、日文等世界上所有语言编码上
     *charset=euc-kr		说明网站采用的编码是韩文；
     *charset=big5			说明网站采用的编码是繁体中文；
     *
     *以下是依据传递进来的文件名，使用后缀判断是何种文件类型
     *将对应的文件类型按照http定义的关键字发送回去
*/
const char *get_file_type(char *name)
{
    char* dot;

    dot = strrchr(name, '.');	//自右向左查找‘.’字符;如不存在返回NULL

    if (dot == (char*)0)
        return "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".html") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".htm") == 0)
        return "text/html; charset=utf-8";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".jpg") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".jpeg") == 0)
        return "image/jpeg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".gif") == 0)
        return "image/gif";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".png") == 0)
        return "image/png";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".css") == 0)
        return "text/css";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".au") == 0)
        return "audio/basic";
    if (strcmp( dot, ".wav") == 0)
        return "audio/wav";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".avi") == 0)
        return "video/x-msvideo";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".mov") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".qt") == 0)
        return "video/quicktime";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".mpeg") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".mpe") == 0)
        return "video/mpeg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".vrml") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".wrl") == 0)
        return "model/vrml";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".midi") == 0 || strcmp(dot, ".mid") == 0)
        return "audio/midi";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".mp3") == 0)
        return "audio/mpeg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".ogg") == 0)
        return "application/ogg";
    if (strcmp(dot, ".pac") == 0)
        return "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig";

    return "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
}

int send_file_to_http(const char *filename, struct bufferevent *bev)
{
    int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
    int ret = 0;
    char buf[4096] = {0};

    while((ret = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) ) )
    {
        bufferevent_write(bev, buf, ret);
        memset(buf, 0, ret);
    }
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

int send_header(struct bufferevent *bev, int no, const char* desp, const char *type, long len)
{
    char buf[256]={0};

    sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n", no, desp);
    //HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n
    bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf));
    // 文件类型
    sprintf(buf, "Content-Type:%s\r\n", type);
    bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf));
    // 文件大小
    sprintf(buf, "Content-Length:%ld\r\n", len);
    bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf));
    // Connection: close
    bufferevent_write(bev, _HTTP_CLOSE_, strlen(_HTTP_CLOSE_));
    //send \r\n
    bufferevent_write(bev, "\r\n", 2);

    return 0;
}

int send_error(struct bufferevent *bev)
{
    send_header(bev,404, "File Not Found", "text/html", -1);
    send_file_to_http("404.html", bev);
    return 0;
}

int send_dir(struct bufferevent *bev,const char *dirname)
{
    char encoded_name[1024];
    char path[1024];
    char timestr[64];
    struct stat sb;
    struct dirent **dirinfo;
    int i;

    char buf[4096] = {0};
    sprintf(buf, "<html><head><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><title>%s</title></head>", dirname);
    sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "<body><h1>当前目录：%s</h1><table>", dirname);
    //添加目录内容
    int num = scandir(dirname, &dirinfo, NULL, alphasort);
    for(i=0; i<num; ++i)
    {
        // 编码
        strencode(encoded_name, sizeof(encoded_name), dirinfo[i]->d_name);

        sprintf(path, "%s%s", dirname, dirinfo[i]->d_name);
        printf("############# path = %s\n", path);
        if (lstat(path, &sb) < 0)
        {
            sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), 
                    "<tr><td><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></td></tr>\n", 
                    encoded_name, dirinfo[i]->d_name);
        }
        else
        {
            strftime(timestr, sizeof(timestr), 
                     "  %d  %b   %Y  %H:%M", localtime(&sb.st_mtime));
            if(S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))
            {
                sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), 
                        "<tr><td><a href=\"%s/\">%s/</a></td><td>%s</td><td>%ld</td></tr>\n",
                        encoded_name, dirinfo[i]->d_name, timestr, sb.st_size);
            }
            else
            {
                sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), 
                        "<tr><td><a href=\"%s\">%s</a></td><td>%s</td><td>%ld</td></tr>\n", 
                        encoded_name, dirinfo[i]->d_name, timestr, sb.st_size);
            }
        }
        bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf));
        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
    }
    sprintf(buf+strlen(buf), "</table></body></html>");
    bufferevent_write(bev, buf, strlen(buf));
    printf("################# Dir Read OK !!!!!!!!!!!!!!\n");

    return 0;
}

void conn_readcb(struct bufferevent *bev, void *user_data)
{
    printf("******************** begin call %s.........\n",__FUNCTION__);
    char buf[4096]={0};
    char method[50], path[4096], protocol[32];
    bufferevent_read(bev, buf, sizeof(buf));
    printf("buf[%s]\n", buf);
    sscanf(buf, "%[^ ] %[^ ] %[^ \r\n]", method, path, protocol);
    printf("method[%s], path[%s], protocol[%s]\n", method, path, protocol);
    if(strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)
    {
        response_http(bev, method, path);
    }
    printf("******************** end call %s.........\n", __FUNCTION__);
}

void conn_eventcb(struct bufferevent *bev, short events, void *user_data)
{
    printf("******************** begin call %s.........\n", __FUNCTION__);
    if (events & BEV_EVENT_EOF)
    {
        printf("Connection closed.\n");
    }
    else if (events & BEV_EVENT_ERROR)
    {
        printf("Got an error on the connection: %s\n",
               strerror(errno));
    }

    bufferevent_free(bev);
    printf("******************** end call %s.........\n", __FUNCTION__);
}

void signal_cb(evutil_socket_t sig, short events, void *user_data)
{
    struct event_base *base = user_data;
    struct timeval delay = { 1, 0 };

    printf("Caught an interrupt signal; exiting cleanly in one seconds.\n");
    event_base_loopexit(base, &delay);
}

void listener_cb(struct evconnlistener *listener, 
                 evutil_socket_t fd, struct sockaddr *sa, int socklen, void *user_data)
{
    printf("******************** begin call-------%s\n",__FUNCTION__);
    struct event_base *base = user_data;
    struct bufferevent *bev;
    printf("fd is %d\n",fd);
    bev = bufferevent_socket_new(base, fd, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE);
    if (!bev)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error constructing bufferevent!");
        event_base_loopbreak(base);
        return;
    }
    bufferevent_flush(bev, EV_READ | EV_WRITE, BEV_NORMAL);
    bufferevent_setcb(bev, conn_readcb, NULL, conn_eventcb, NULL);
    bufferevent_enable(bev, EV_READ | EV_WRITE);

    printf("******************** end call-------%s\n",__FUNCTION__);
}

/*
 * 这里的内容是处理%20之类的东西！是"解码"过程。
 * %20 URL编码中的‘ ’(space)
 * %21 '!' %22 '"' %23 '#' %24 '$'
 * %25 '%' %26 '&' %27 ''' %28 '('......
 * 相关知识html中的‘ ’(space)是&nbsp
 */
void strdecode(char *to, char *from)
{
    for ( ; *from != '\0'; ++to, ++from)
    {
        if (from[0] == '%' && isxdigit(from[1]) && isxdigit(from[2]))
        {
            // 依次判断from中 %20 三个字符
            *to = hexit(from[1])*16 + hexit(from[2]);
            // 移过已经处理的两个字符(%21指针指向1),表达式3的++from还会再向后移一个字符
            from += 2;
        }
        else
        {
            *to = *from;
        }
    }
    *to = '\0';
}

//16进制数转化为10进制, return 0不会出现
int hexit(char c)
{
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
        return c - '0';
    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
        return c - 'a' + 10;
    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
        return c - 'A' + 10;

    return 0;
}

// "编码"，用作回写浏览器的时候，将除字母数字及/_.-~以外的字符转义后回写。
// strencode(encoded_name, sizeof(encoded_name), name);
void strencode(char* to, size_t tosize, const char* from)
{
    int tolen;

    for (tolen = 0; *from != '\0' && tolen + 4 < tosize; ++from)
    {
        if (isalnum(*from) || strchr("/_.-~", *from) != (char*)0)
        {
            *to = *from;
            ++to;
            ++tolen;
        }
        else
        {
            sprintf(to, "%%%02x", (int) *from & 0xff);
            to += 3;
            tolen += 3;
        }
    }
    *to = '\0';
}