编译原理 --- NFA(非确定有限自动机)和DFA(确定有限自动机)之间的转换以及DFA的化简

第一部分 --- 证明NFA能够转换为DFA

 

1.So是NFA的初态集合,F是NFA的终态集合

2.通过上面的第一个转换,我们就使得NFA具有了和DFA一样的唯一初态

3.通过上面的第二个转换 --- 不断引入中间状态,直到将字拆分为字符 --- 此时我们就成功的将NFA中输入以字作为判断依据的方式转换为了DFA中以字符作为判断条件的方式

 

 

 

1.以 I 状态集中的某一个状态作为起点,经过一条标志为a的弧后能够到达的所有的状态组成的集合就是 J 集合(PS:除了只经过一条标志为a的弧外,也可以是经过多条标志为空的弧以及一条标志为a的弧,这两种方式是等价的!)

将上面求得的J

NFA确定有限自动机化为DFA确定有限自动机)是通过子集构造法实现的。以下是使用Python代码实现NFA化为DFA的过程: ```python class NFA: def __init__(self, states, alphabet, transitions, start_state, final_states): self.states = states self.alphabet = alphabet self.transitions = transitions self.start_state = start_state self.final_states = final_states def epsilon_closure(self, states): closure = set(states) stack = list(states) while stack: current_state = stack.pop() if current_state in self.transitions and 'ε' in self.transitions[current_state]: next_states = self.transitions[current_state]['ε'] new_states = [state for state in next_states if state not in closure] closure.update(new_states) stack.extend(new_states) return closure def move(self, states, symbol): result = set() for state in states: if state in self.transitions and symbol in self.transitions[state]: result.update(self.transitions[state][symbol]) return result def convert_to_dfa(self): dfa_states = [] dfa_transitions = {} start_state = frozenset(self.epsilon_closure([self.start_state])) dfa_states.append(start_state) stack = [start_state] while stack: current_state = stack.pop() for symbol in self.alphabet: next_state = frozenset(self.epsilon_closure(self.move(current_state, symbol))) if next_state not in dfa_states: dfa_states.append(next_state) stack.append(next_state) if current_state not in dfa_transitions: dfa_transitions[current_state] = {} dfa_transitions[current_state][symbol] = next_state dfa_final_states = [state for state in dfa_states if any(final_state in state for final_state in self.final_states)] return DFA(dfa_states, self.alphabet, dfa_transitions, start_state, dfa_final_states) class DFA: def __init__(self, states, alphabet, transitions, start_state, final_states): self.states = states self.alphabet = alphabet self.transitions = transitions self.start_state = start_state self.final_states = final_states def accept(self, input_string): current_state = self.start_state for symbol in input_string: if symbol in self.transitions[current_state]: current_state = self.transitions[current_state][symbol] else: return False return current_state in self.final_states # 示例用法 nfa = NFA( states={'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}, alphabet={'0', '1'}, transitions={ 'A': {'ε': {'B', 'C'}}, 'B': {'0': {'B'}, '1': {'B', 'D'}}, 'C': {'0': {'C', 'D'}, '1': {'C'}}, }, start_state='A', final_states={'D'} ) dfa = nfa.convert_to_dfa() print(dfa.accept('000')) # 输出 True print(dfa.accept('111')) # 输出 False ``` 上述代码实现了NFA化为DFA的过程。首先定义了NFA类和DFA类,通过epsilon_closure()方法计算ε-closure,move()方法根据给定的symbol计算下一个状态,然后使用子集构造法将NFA化为DFA,最后通过DFA类的accept()方法来判断给定的输入字符串是否被DFA接受。
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