文章目录
1.string基本概念
本质:
string是c++风格的字符串,而string本质上是一个类
string和char*区别:
char是一个指针
string是一个类,类内封装了char,管理这个字符串,是一个char*型的容器.
2.string构造函数
构造函数原型
string(); //创建一个空的字符串
string(const char*s); //使用字符串s初始化
string(const string& str); //使用一个string对象初始化另一个string对象
string(int n,char c); //使用n个字符c初始化
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string s1; //默认构造
const char* str = "hello world"; // string str = "hello world";
string s2(str);
cout<<"s2= "<<s2<<endl;
string s3(s2);
cout<<"s3= "<<s3<<endl;
string s4(10,'a');
cout<<"s4= "<<s4<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
3.string赋值操作
赋值的函数原型:
string &operator = (const char* s); //char*类型字符串赋值给当前的字符串
string &operator = (const string &s); //把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string &operator = (char c); //字符赋值给当前的字符串
string &assign(const char* s); //把字符串s给当前的字符串
string &assign(const char* s,int n); //把字符串s的前n个字符赋给当前的字符串
string &assign(const string* s); //把字符串s赋给当前的字符串
string &assign(int n,char c); //用n个字符c赋给当前字符串
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1;
str1 = "hello world";
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
string str2;
str2 = str1;
cout<<"str2 = "<<str2<<endl;
string str3;
str3 = "a";
cout<<"str3 = "<<str3<<endl;
string str4;
str4.assign("hello c++");
cout<<"str4 = "<<str4<<endl;
string str5;
str5.assign("hello c++",5);
//hello
cout<<"str5 = "<<str5<<endl;
string str6;
str6.assign(str4);
cout<<"str6 = "<<str6<<endl;
string str7;
str7.assign(10,'a');
cout<<"str7 = "<<str7<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
4.string字符串的拼接
拼接的函数原型:
string& operator+=(const char* str);
string& operator+=(const char c);
string& operator+=(const string &str);
string& append(const char* s); //把字符串s连结到当前字符串结尾
string& append(const char* s,int n);//把字符串s的前n个字符连结到当前字符串结尾
string& append(const string &s);
//把字符串s从pos开始的n个字符连结到当前字符串结尾
string& append(const string &s,int pos,int n);
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1 = "I";
str1.append(" love ");
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
str1.append("game asdafa",4);
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
string str2 = " LOL DNF";
str1.append(str2);
cout<<"str2 = "<<str1<<endl;
str1.append(str2,0,4);
cout<<"str3 = "<<str1<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
5.string查找跟替换
查找跟替换的函数原型
//查找str第一次出现的位置,从pos开始查找
int find(const string& str,int pos = 0)const;
//查找s第一次出现的位置,从pos开始查找
int find(const char* s,int pos = 0)const;
//从pos位置查找s的前n个字符第一次出现的位置
int find(const char* s,int pos = 0,int n)const;
//从pos位置查找c的前n个字符第一次出现的位置
int find(const char c,int pos = 0)const;
//rfind和find用法一样,不同的是rfind是从后往前查找
int rfind(const string& str,int pos = 0)const;
int rfind(const char* s,int pos = 0)const;
int rfind(const char* s,int pos = 0,int n)const;
int rfind(const char c,int pos = 0)const;
//替换pos开始n个字符的字符串str
string& replace(int pos,int n,const string& str);
//替换从pos开始的n个字符为字符串s
string& replace(int pos,int n,const char* s);
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1 = "hello world!" ;
int pos = str1.find("l");
int r_pos = str1.rfind("l");
cout<<"pos = "<<pos<<" r_pos= "<<r_pos<<endl;
str1.replace(2,2,"222");
//he222o world!
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
6.string字符串比较
比较方式:
字符串比较是按字符ASCII码经行对比
=返回 0
>返回 1
<返回 -1
函数原型:
int compare(const string& s)const;//与字符串s比较
int compare(const char* s)const;
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1 = "hello world!";
string str2 = "hello world!";
if(str1.compare(str2)==0) cout<<"str1=str2"<<endl;
string str3 = "hello world!";
string str4 = "xello world!";
if(str3.compare(str4)<0) cout<<"str1<str2"<<endl;
string str5 = "hello world!";
string str6 = "aello world!";
if(str5.compare(str6)>0) cout<<"str1>str2"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
7.string字符存取
string单个字符存取有两个方式
char& operator[](int n);
char& at(int n);
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1 = "hello world!";
for(int i=0;i<str1.size();i++)
cout<<str1[i]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<str1.size();i++)
cout<<str1.at(i)<<" ";
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
8.string字符的插入和删除
函数原型
string& insert(int pos,const char* s);
string& insert(int pos,const string& str);
string& insert(int pos,int n,char c); //从指定位置插入字符串
string& erase(int pos,int n = npos);//删除从pos开始的n个字符
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1 = "hello world!";
str1.insert(2,"222");
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
string str2 = "good";
str1.insert(2,str2);
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
str1.insert(2,4,'a');
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
str1.erase(2,11);
cout<<"str1 = "<<str1<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
9.string子串
函数原型
string substr(int pos = 0,int n = npos) const //返回由pos开始的n个字符组成的字符串
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
void test1()
{
string str1 = "abcdefg";
string str2 = str1.substr(0,3);
cout<<str2<<endl;
}
int main()
{
test1();
}
10.String字符串转换成整数函数
string s1= "1234567";
int a = stoi(s1);
cout<<a<<endl;