（作业）numpy简单操作

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 01:36:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-07 01:36:35 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52084208/article/details/120090569

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这篇博客详细介绍了NumPy库中的一些基本操作，包括垂直和水平拆分数组、加减运算、取行操作、矩阵删除与插入、尾部添加、随机选择元素以及argmax函数的使用。此外，还涵盖了ravel()、flatten()和reshape(1,-1)的区别，以及pad函数进行填充操作的方法。内容深入浅出，适合NumPy初学者掌握数组操作技巧。

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垂直拆分：numpy.vsplit(数组，份数)->(数组片段)

import numpy as np

c

array([[ 1,  2],
       [ 3,  4],
       [ 5,  6],
       [ 7,  8],
       [ 9, 10],
       [11, 12]])

 c = np.arange(1,13).reshape(6,2)

np.vsplit(c,3)

[array([[1, 2],
        [3, 4]]),
 array([[5, 6],
        [7, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 10],
        [11, 12]])]

水平拆分：numpy.hsplit(数组，份数)->(数组片段)

d =c.T

d

array([[ 1,  3,  5,  7,  9, 11],
       [ 2,  4,  6,  8, 10, 12]])

 np.hsplit(d,3)

[array([[1, 3],
        [2, 4]]),
 array([[5, 7],
        [6, 8]]),
 array([[ 9, 11],
        [10, 12]])]

numpy基本加减和取行操作

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,1,1,1])
b = np.array([[1],[1],[1],[1]])
a+b

array([[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2],
[2, 2, 2, 2]])

W = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
W[:,1]

array([1, 2])

W[:,1] = np.array([5,5])
W

array([[1, 5, 1],
[2, 5, 2]])

矩阵删除、插入、尾部添加操作(delete,insert,append)

1.delete()函数

import numpy as np

matrix=[
    [1,2,3,4],
    [5,6,7,8],
    [9,10,11,12]
]

p1=np.delete(matrix,1,0)

print(' p1\n' ,p1)

 p1
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]

p2=np.delete(matrix,1,1)

print(' p2\n' ,p2)

 p2
 [[ 1  3  4]
 [ 5  7  8]
 [ 9 11 12]]

p3=np.delete(matrix,1)

print(' p3\n' ,p3)

 p3
 [ 1  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12]

p4=np.delete(matrix,[0,1],1)

print(' p4\n' ,p4)

 p4
 [[ 3  4]
 [ 7  8]
 [11 12]]

2.insert()函数

import numpy as np
matrix=[
    [1,2,3,4],
    [5,6,7,8],
    [9,10,11,12]
]
q1=np.insert(matrix,1,[1,1,1,1],0)
print(' q1\n' ,q1)

 q1
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  1  1  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]]

q2=np.insert(matrix,0,[1,1,1],1)

print(' q2\n' ,q2)

 q2
 [[ 1  1  2  3  4]
 [ 1  5  6  7  8]
 [ 1  9 10 11 12]]

q3=np.insert(matrix,3,[1,1,1,1],0)

print(' q3\n' ,q3)

     q3
     [[ 1  2  3  4]
     [ 5  6  7  8]
     [ 9 10 11 12]
     [ 1  1  1  1]]

3.append()函数

import numpy as np
matrix=[
    [1,2,3,4],
    [5,6,7,8],
    [9,10,11,12]
]
m1=np.append(matrix,[[1,1,1,1]],axis=0)
print(' m1\n' ,m1)

 m1
 [[ 1  2  3  4]
 [ 5  6  7  8]
 [ 9 10 11 12]
 [ 1  1  1  1]]

m2=np.append(matrix,[[1],[1],[1]],axis=1)
print(' m2\n' ,m2)

 m2
 [[ 1  2  3  4  1]
 [ 5  6  7  8  1]
 [ 9 10 11 12  1]]

m3=np.append(matrix,[1,1,1,1])
print(' m3\n' ,m3)

     m3
     [ 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10 11 12  1  1  1  1]

np.random.choice(a, size, replace, p)

import numpy as np
a1 = np.random.choice(7,5) 
a1

array([3, 1, 0, 1, 4])

a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5) 
a2

array([1, 6, 6, 6, 4])

a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5) 
a3

array([3, 0, 5, 5, 3])

a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False) # 
a4

array([0, 4, 3, 6, 5])

a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])
a5

array([6, 3, 2, 6, 6])

np.argmax(a, axis=None, out=None)

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])
a

array([[1, 1, 1],
[2, 2, 2],
[0, 3, 6]])

b1 = np.argmax(a)
b1

b2 = np.argmax(a, axis=0)
b2

array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)

b3 = np.argmax(a, axis=1)
b3

array([0, 0, 2], dtype=int64)

拉平操作 ravel()和faltten()及reshape(1,-1)的区别联系(补充[None,:]操作)

import numpy as np
x = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[1,2,3]])
x.flatten()

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])

x.ravel()

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3])

x.ravel(‘F’)

array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])

x.flatten(‘F’)

array([1, 4, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 6, 3])

x.flatten()[1] = 20
x

array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[1, 2, 3]])

x.ravel()[1] = 20
x

array([[ 1, 20, 3],
[ 4, 5, 6],
[ 1, 2, 3]])

x.reshape(1,-1)

array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3]])

x = np.array([1,2,3,6,7,8])
***>>> x[None,:]

array([[1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8]])

x[:,None]

array([[1],
[2],
[3],
[6],
[7],
[8]])

x[np.newaxis, :]

array([[1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8]])

np.prod() 计算元素乘积

x = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
np.prod(x)

np.prod(x,axis=1)

array([ 6, 24])

np.prod(x,axis=0)

array([ 2, 6, 12])

np.full生成形为shape的元素全为val的矩阵

import numpy as np
c=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
c

array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])

c.astype(np.float32)

    array([[1., 2.],
           [3., 4.]], dtype=float32)

np.hstack()和np.vstack()用于堆叠矩阵

import numpy as np
x=np.array([[3,4,5],[1,3,4]])
y=np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2]])
np.hstack((x,y))

array([[3, 4, 5, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2]])

np.vstack((x,y))

    array([[3, 4, 5],
           [1, 3, 4],
           [1, 1, 1],
           [2, 2, 2]])

np.meshgrid()快速生成网格

import numpy as np
x=np.array([1,3,5])
y=np.array([4,6])
XX,YY=np.meshgrid(x,y)
XX

array([[1, 3, 5],
       [1, 3, 5]])

YY

    array([[4, 4, 4],
           [6, 6, 6]])

np.newaxis在特定位置增加一个维度

import numpy as np
c=np.array([1,2,5,4])
c[:,np.newaxis]

array([[1],
       [2],
       [5],
       [4]])

c[np.newaxis,:]

    array([[1, 2, 5, 4]])

np.pad()函数进行padding操作

import numpy as np
A= np.arange(95,99).reshape(2,2)
A

array([[95, 96],
       [97, 98]])

np.pad(A,((3,2),(2,3)),'constant',constant_values=(0,0))

array([[ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 95, 96,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0, 97, 98,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0],
       [ 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0]])

b=np.array([[[1,2],[3,4]],[[3,4],[7,8]],[[4,5],[1,2]]])
b

array([[[1, 2],
        [3, 4]],

       [[3, 4],
        [7, 8]],

       [[4, 5],
        [1, 2]]])

np.pad(b,((0,0),(1,1),(1,1)),'constant' ,constant_values = 0)

    array([[[0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 1, 2, 0],
            [0, 3, 4, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0]],
    
           [[0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 3, 4, 0],
            [0, 7, 8, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0]],
    
           [[0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 4, 5, 0],
            [0, 1, 2, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0]]])