关于python基础练习的小结（二）

       主要内容是元组、字典和集合的学习。

      因为本人学习时比较偏重实践，学习一个新知识后希望能够自主举出实用例子，对应的练习和注释都在代码中呈现，故日志主体主要通过代码来展现。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ==========CloudyTenderness===========

"""
    @Author 欢迎
    @WELCOME CloudyTenderness
    @Date 2021/9/27 14:26
    @Describe 元组
    @version 1.0
"""

new_tuple = ('a', 'b', 1, "哈哈哦吼")  # 直接 = 赋值的元组
print(new_tuple)
print(type(new_tuple))  # print type

new_tuple = (3,)  # 包含一个元素的元组，最后必须多写个逗号
print(new_tuple)
print(type(new_tuple))  # print type

new_tuple = ()  # empty tuple
print(new_tuple)
print(type(new_tuple))  # print type
print('----------------------------------------------')

# tuple use
new_str = 'afternoon'
new_tuple = tuple(new_str)
print(new_str)
print(type(new_tuple))
a_list = [1, 2, 4, 5]
new_tuple = tuple(a_list)
print(new_tuple)
print(type(new_tuple))
s = tuple()  # 空元组
print(s)
# del 能删除元组，但不能删除其中的元素

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ==========CloudyTenderness===========

"""
    @Author 欢迎
    @WELCOME CloudyTenderness
    @Date 2021/9/27 15:02
    @Describe 集合
    @version 1.0
"""
new_set1 = {'ii', 'oo', 'pp', 4}
new_set = set(range(2, 8))
print(new_set)
new_set = set([2, 7, 'dg,eb'])
print(new_set)
new_set = {}  # 空集合
new_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9}
new_set.pop()  # 去除当前第一个元素
print("after pop:", new_set)
new_set.add(204)  # 增加204这个元素
print("after add:", new_set)
new_set.remove(9)  # 移除9这个元素
print("after remove:", new_set)
print("并集：", new_set | new_set1)  # 两个集合并集
print("交集：", new_set & new_set1)
print("差：", new_set - new_set1)
print("对称差集：", new_set ^ new_set1)

a = {1, 2}
b = {1, 2, 3, 4}
c = {4, 67, 902}
print(c > a)
print(b > a)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ==========CloudyTenderness===========

"""
    @Author 欢迎
    @WELCOME CloudyTenderness
    @Date 2021/9/27 14:39
    @Describe 字典
    @version 1.0
"""

a_dict = {'user': 'littleDog',
          'age': 18,
          'love': 'cat',
          }
print(a_dict)
a_dict = {}  # 空字典
print(a_dict)
a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
b = ['saf', 'bb', 'ccc', 'all']
print(a_dict.get('user', 'littleDog'))
c = dict(zip(a, b))
print(c)
d = dict()  # 空字典
new_dict = dict.fromkeys(['name', 'age', 'food'])  # dict.fromkeys 初始化，且value对应为空
print(new_dict)

print("-------------------------------------------------------------")

a_dict = {'user': 'littleDog',
          'age': 18,
          'love': 'cat',
          }

print(a_dict.get('user'))
print(a_dict.get('littleDog'))
print("-----item way:")
for item in a_dict.items():
    print(item)
print("-----key way:")
for key in a_dict:
    print(key)
print("-----序列解包:")
for key, value in a_dict.items():  # 序列解包用法
    print(key, value)
print("-----key():", a_dict.keys())
print("-----values():", a_dict.values())

print("-------------------------------------------------------------")
a_dict.update({'a': 'a', 'b': 'b'})  # update修改
print(a_dict)
a_dict['user'] = 'Cat'  # 字典修改
print(a_dict)
a_dict['name'] = 'me!'  # 字典增加
print(a_dict)

还有一部分推导式和解包的学习

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ==========CloudyTenderness===========

"""
    @Author 欢迎
    @WELCOME CloudyTenderness
    @Date 2021/9/28 21:31
    @Describe 推导式
    @version 1.0
"""
# 集合推导式
s = {x.strip() for x in ('  你好啊  ', '  小狗', '真可爱啊！  ')}
print(s)

# 字典推导式
s = {i: str(i) for i in range(5, 12)}
print(s)
x = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
y = ['exp', 'money', 'grade', 'win']
s = {i: j for i, j in zip(x, y)}
print(s)

# 生成器推导式
g = ((i) ** 2 for i in range(10))  # 生成0-9的平方
h = ((i + 2) ** 2 for i in range(10))
print("创建生成器对象：", g)
print("list化后的结果: ", list(h))
i = 0
for item in g:
    print('i = ', i, "时，对应其平方为：", item)
    i += 1

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ==========CloudyTenderness===========

"""
    @Author 欢迎
    @WELCOME CloudyTenderness
    @Date 2021/9/28 21:17
    @Describe 解包操作
    @version 1.0
"""

# about list && dict && tuple 记得个数对齐，否则error
new_list = {'gg', 'mm', 'yy'}
new_dict = {'狗狗': 1, '猫猫': 2, '鸭鸭': 3}
new_tuple = (4, 5, 6)
a, b, c = new_dict.items()
print("dict_item()_exp --- a:", a)
print(type(a))
a, b, c = new_list
print("list_exp --- a:", a)
print(type(a))
a, b, c = new_dict
print("dict_exp --- a:", a)
print(type(a))
a, b, c = new_dict.values()
print("dict_values()_exp --- a:", a)
print(type(a))
a, b, c = new_tuple
print("tuple_exp --- a:", a)
print(type(a))

最后是本周的实验指导书对应的实验二

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# ==========CloudyTenderness===========

"""
    @Author 欢迎
    @WELCOME CloudyTenderness
    @Date 2021/9/28 22:05
    @Describe python_exp2
    @version 1.0
"""
# 1
from functools import reduce

num = input('输入一个自然数：')
print(sum(map(int, num)))

# 2
setA = eval(input('输入一个set:'))
setB = eval(input('再输入一个set：'))
print('交集为', setA & setB)
print('并集为', setA | setB)
print('A-B:', setA - setB)

# 3
num = int(input('输入一个自然数：'))
print("二进制:", bin(num))
print('八进制:', oct(num))
print('十六进制:', hex(num))

# 4
new_list = input('输入一个若干整数的list:')
new_list = eval(new_list)
print(list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, new_list)))

# 5
list1 = eval(input('input一个包含若干整数的列表 list1：'))
list2 = eval(input('input一个包含若干整数的列表 list2：'))
res = dict(zip(list1, list2))
print(res)

# 6
lst = eval(input('请输入包含若干整数的列表lst：'))
print(sorted(lst, reverse=True))

# 7
lst = eval(input('输入一个包含若干整数的list：'))
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, lst))

# 8
lst1 = eval(input('输入包含2个整数的列表lst1:'))
lst2 = eval(input('输入包含2个整数的列表lst2:'))
print(sum(map(lambda i, j: abs(i - j), lst1, lst2)))

# 9
lstSets = eval(input('请输入包含若干集合的列表：'))
print(reduce(lambda x, y: x | y, lstSets))

# 10
a1 = int(input('请输入等比数列首项：'))
q = int(input('请输入等比数列公比：'))
n = int(input('请输入一个自然数：'))
res = a1 * int('1' * n, q)
print(res)

# 11
data = input('输入一个字符串：')
d = dict()
for ch in data:
    d[ch] = d.get(ch, 0) + 1
mostCommon = max(d.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])
print(mostCommon)