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实验拓扑
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实验需要
- 除了R5的换回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.0/24进行合理划分;
- R1-R4每个路由器存在两个换回接口,模拟PC,地址也在19168.1.0/24网络内;
- R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
- 全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
- R4与R5,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M。
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实验步骤
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先改名
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]
[Huawei]sysname r3
[r3]
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]
[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]
2.先划分网段:
192.168.1.0/24
共有6条骨干链路,所以需要6个网段
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
192.168.1.000 00000/27---192.168.1.0/27------6条骨干链路
192.168.1.000 000 00 192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.000 001 00 192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.000 010 00 192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.000 011 00 192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.000 100 00 192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.000 101 00 192.168.1.20/30
192.168.1.001 00000/27---192.168.1.32/27-----R1的环回地址
192.168.1.001 0 0000/28 192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.001 1 0000/28 192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.010 00000/27---192.168.1.64/27-----R2的环回地址
192.168.1.010 0 0000/28 192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.010 1 0000/28 192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.64/27
192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.011 00000/27---192.168.1.96/27-----R3的环回地址
192.168.1.011 0 0000/28 192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.011 1 0000/28 192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.100 00000/27---192.168.1.128/27----R4的环回地址
192.168.1.100 0 0000/28 192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.100 1 0000/28 192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.128/27
192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.101 00000/27---192.168.1.129/27
192.168.1.110 00000/27---192.168.1.192/27
192.168.1.111 00000/27---192.168.1.224/27
3.基于划分的IP地址配置
先给r1配置地址:
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]int l1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28
[r1-LoopBack1]
在r2上配置IP地址:
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]int l1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-LoopBack1]
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-LoopBack0]int l1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28
在r4上配置IP
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack0]int l1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack1]
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[r5-LoopBack0]
4.手动配置静态路由
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 28 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.80 28 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 28 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 28 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 28 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.1
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 28 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.112 28 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 28 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.80 28 192.168.1.9
[r4]
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.48 28 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 28 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 28 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 28 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.80 28 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.80 28 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 28 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.144 28 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
5.进行手动汇总
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.9
Error: The next-hop address is invalid.
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
6.配置缺省路由
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
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7.空接口路由
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 null0
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 null0
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 null0
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 null0
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8.浮动静态
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
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测试
- 手动配置完静态路由测试全网是否可通
测试结果全网可通。
验证浮动静态在R1pingR5的环回5.5.5.5
关闭R5的g0/0/0接口: