如果不懂，就去搞懂——Spring Boot中的@Import

标题：Spring Boot中的@Import

在Spring Boot中的@Enable*底层依赖于@Import注解导入一些类，使用@Import导入的类会被Spring加载到IoC容器当中去。而@Import提供了四种用法：

1. 导入Bean

//User类
public class User {
}

//配置类
@Configuration
public class UserConfig {

    @Bean
    public User user() {
        return new User();
    }
}

//引导类
@Import(User.class)
public class SpringbootEnableApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootEnableApplication.class, args);

        //获取Bean
        /*Object user = context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user);*/

        //通过类型获取
        User user = context.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user);

        //getBeansOfType()可以获取到Bean的名称，返回一个Map集合
        Map<String, User> beansOfType = context.getBeansOfType(User.class);
        //{com.itheima.domain.User(Key)=com.itheima.domain.User@c68a5f8(Value)}
        System.out.println(beansOfType);
    }

}

2. 导入配置类,如果使用的是@Import导入配置类，配置类上的@Configuration可以省略不写

public class Role {
}

public class User {
}

@Configuration	//可以省略
public class UserConfig {

    @Bean
    public User user() {
        return new User();
    }

    @Bean
    public Role role() {
        return new Role();
    }
}

@Import(UserConfig.class)
public class SpringbootEnableApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootEnableApplication.class, args);

        //通过类型获取
        User user = context.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user);   //com.itheima.domain.User@5173200b

        Role role = context.getBean(Role.class);
        System.out.println(role);   //com.itheima.domain.Role@25c5e994
    }

}

3. 导入ImportSelector实现类。一般用于加载配置文件当中的类

public class User {
}

public class Role {
}

public class MyImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    /**
     * Select and return the names of which class(es) should be imported based on
     * the {@link AnnotationMetadata} of the importing @{@link Configuration} class.
     *
     * @param importingClassMetadata
     * @return the class names, or an empty array if none
     */
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        return new String[]{"com.itheima.domain.User","com.itheima.domain.Role"};
    }
}

@Import(MyImportSelector.class)
public class SpringbootEnableApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootEnableApplication.class, args);

        //获取Bean
        /*Object user = context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user);*/

        //通过类型获取
        User user = context.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user);   //com.itheima.domain.User@3bc735b3

        Role role = context.getBean(Role.class);
        System.out.println(role);   //com.itheima.domain.Role@577f9109

        //getBeansOfType()可以获取到Bean的名称
        /*Map<String, User> beansOfType = context.getBeansOfType(User.class);
        System.out.println(beansOfType);*/
    }

}

4. 导入ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar实现类

public class User {
}

@Import(MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class)
public class SpringbootEnableApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringbootEnableApplication.class, args);

        //获取Bean
        /*Object user = context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user);*/

        /**
         * user：就是在MyImportBeanDefinitionRegisttrar中的名称
         * registry.registerBeanDefinition("user",beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());
         */
        Object user1 = context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user1);  //com.itheima.domain.User@577f9109

        //通过类型获取
        User user = context.getBean(User.class);
        System.out.println(user);   //com.itheima.domain.User@577f9109

        Role role = context.getBean(Role.class);
        System.out.println(role);   //No qualifying bean of type 'com.itheima.domain.Role' available：因为没有导入，所以会失败

        //getBeansOfType()可以获取到Bean的名称
        /*Map<String, User> beansOfType = context.getBeansOfType(User.class);
        System.out.println(beansOfType);*/
    }

}

package com.itheima.config;

import com.itheima.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;

public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
    /**
     * Register bean definitions as necessary based on the given annotation metadata of
     * the importing {@code @Configuration} class.
     * <p>Note that {@link BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor} types may <em>not</em> be
     * registered here, due to lifecycle constraints related to {@code @Configuration}
     * class processing.
     * <p>The default implementation is empty.
     *
     * @param importingClassMetadata annotation metadata of the importing class
     * @param registry               current bean definition registry 可以向IoC容器注入某个对象
     */
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

        BeanDefinitionBuilder beanDefinitionBuilder = BeanDefinitionBuilder.rootBeanDefinition(User.class);

        /**
         * IoC工厂中去注册Bean
         * registerBeanDefinition:
         *     String beanName:给Bean取一个名称（user）
         *     BeanDefinition beanDefinition : bean的类型就是User.class
         */

        registry.registerBeanDefinition("user",beanDefinitionBuilder.getBeanDefinition());
    }
}

常用的是第三种方式：在@SpringBootApplication(Spring Boot最核心的注解)中
进入到@SpringBootApplication中，可以看到@EnableAutoConfiguration
进入到@EnableAutoConfiguration中可以看到@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
点进这个类当中可以看到AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class继承自DeferredImportSelector
进入到DeferredImportSelector中可以看到他实现了ImportSelector这个接口
这个接口便是第三种@Import常用的方式