数据结构与算法题目集(中文)05-08

37 篇文章 1 订阅
35 篇文章 4 订阅

6-5 链式表操作集 (20 分)

本题要求实现链式表的操作集。
函数接口定义:

Position Find( List L, ElementType X );
List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P );
List Delete( List L, Position P );

其中List结构定义如下:

typedef struct LNode *PtrToLNode;
struct LNode {
    ElementType Data;
    PtrToLNode Next;
};
typedef PtrToLNode Position;
typedef PtrToLNode List;

各个操作函数的定义为:

Position Find( List L, ElementType X ):返回线性表中首次出现X的位置。若找不到则返回ERROR;

List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P ):将X插入在位置P指向的结点之前,返回链表的表头。如果参数P指向非法位置,则打印“Wrong Position for Insertion”,返回ERROR;

List Delete( List L, Position P ):将位置P的元素删除并返回链表的表头。若参数P指向非法位置,则打印“Wrong Position for Deletion”并返回ERROR。
裁判测试程序样例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define ERROR NULL
typedef int ElementType;
typedef struct LNode *PtrToLNode;
struct LNode {
    ElementType Data;
    PtrToLNode Next;
};
typedef PtrToLNode Position;
typedef PtrToLNode List;

Position Find( List L, ElementType X );
List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P );
List Delete( List L, Position P );

int main()
{
    List L;
    ElementType X;
    Position P, tmp;
    int N;

    L = NULL;
    scanf("%d", &N);
    while ( N-- ) {
        scanf("%d", &X);
        L = Insert(L, X, L);
        if ( L==ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    }
    scanf("%d", &N);
    while ( N-- ) {
        scanf("%d", &X);
        P = Find(L, X);
        if ( P == ERROR )
            printf("Finding Error: %d is not in.\n", X);
        else {
            L = Delete(L, P);
            printf("%d is found and deleted.\n", X);
            if ( L==ERROR )
                printf("Wrong Answer or Empty List.\n");
        }
    }
    L = Insert(L, X, NULL);
    if ( L==ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    else
        printf("%d is inserted as the last element.\n", X);
    P = (Position)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    tmp = Insert(L, X, P);
    if ( tmp!=ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    tmp = Delete(L, P);
    if ( tmp!=ERROR ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    for ( P=L; P; P = P->Next ) printf("%d ", P->Data);
    return 0;
}

/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */

输入样例:

6
12 2 4 87 10 2
4
2 12 87 5

输出样例:

2 is found and deleted.
12 is found and deleted.
87 is found and deleted.
Finding Error: 5 is not in.
5 is inserted as the last element.
Wrong Position for Insertion
Wrong Position for Deletion
10 4 2 5 
Position Find( List L, ElementType X )
{
    while(L)
    {
        if(L->Data==X)return L;
        L=L->Next;
    }
    return ERROR;
}
List Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P )
{
    PtrToLNode node;
    node=(List)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    node->Data=X;
    node->Next=NULL;
    List head=L;
    if(P==L)
    {
        node->Next=L;
        L=node;
        return L;
    }
    while(L)
    {
        if(L->Next==P)
        {
            node->Next=L->Next;
            L->Next=node;
            return head;
        }
        L=L->Next;
    }
    printf("Wrong Position for Insertion\n");
    return ERROR;
}
List Delete( List L, Position P )
{
    List head;
    head=L;
    if(P==L)
    {
        head=L->Next;
        free(L);
        return head;
    }
    while(L)
    {
        if(L->Next==P)
        {
            L->Next=P->Next;
            free(P);
            return head;
        }
        L=L->Next;
    }
    printf("Wrong Position for Deletion\n");
    return ERROR;
}

6-6 带头结点的链式表操作集 (20 分)

本题要求实现带头结点的链式表操作集。

函数接口定义:

List MakeEmpty(); 
Position Find( List L, ElementType X );
bool Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P );
bool Delete( List L, Position P );

其中List结构定义如下:

typedef struct LNode *PtrToLNode;
struct LNode {
    ElementType Data;
    PtrToLNode Next;
};
typedef PtrToLNode Position;
typedef PtrToLNode List;

各个操作函数的定义为:

List MakeEmpty():创建并返回一个空的线性表;

Position Find( List L, ElementType X ):返回线性表中X的位置。若找不到则返回ERROR;

bool Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P ):将X插入在位置P指向的结点之前,返回true。如果参数P指向非法位置,则打印“Wrong Position for Insertion”,返回false;

bool Delete( List L, Position P ):将位置P的元素删除并返回true。若参数P指向非法位置,则打印“Wrong Position for Deletion”并返回false。
裁判测试程序样例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define ERROR NULL
typedef enum {false, true} bool;
typedef int ElementType;
typedef struct LNode *PtrToLNode;
struct LNode {
    ElementType Data;
    PtrToLNode Next;
};
typedef PtrToLNode Position;
typedef PtrToLNode List;

List MakeEmpty(); 
Position Find( List L, ElementType X );
bool Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P );
bool Delete( List L, Position P );

int main()
{
    List L;
    ElementType X;
    Position P;
    int N;
    bool flag;

    L = MakeEmpty();
    scanf("%d", &N);
    while ( N-- ) {
        scanf("%d", &X);
        flag = Insert(L, X, L->Next);
        if ( flag==false ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    }
    scanf("%d", &N);
    while ( N-- ) {
        scanf("%d", &X);
        P = Find(L, X);
        if ( P == ERROR )
            printf("Finding Error: %d is not in.\n", X);
        else {
            flag = Delete(L, P);
            printf("%d is found and deleted.\n", X);
            if ( flag==false )
                printf("Wrong Answer.\n");
        }
    }
    flag = Insert(L, X, NULL);
    if ( flag==false ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    else
        printf("%d is inserted as the last element.\n", X);
    P = (Position)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    flag = Insert(L, X, P);
    if ( flag==true ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    flag = Delete(L, P);
    if ( flag==true ) printf("Wrong Answer\n");
    for ( P=L->Next; P; P = P->Next ) printf("%d ", P->Data);
    return 0;
}
/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */

输入样例:

6
12 2 4 87 10 2
4
2 12 87 5

输出样例:

2 is found and deleted.
12 is found and deleted.
87 is found and deleted.
Finding Error: 5 is not in.
5 is inserted as the last element.
Wrong Position for Insertion
Wrong Position for Deletion
10 4 2 5 
List MakeEmpty()
{
    List L;
    L=(List)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    L->Next=NULL;
    L->Data=0;
    return L;
}
Position Find( List L, ElementType X )
{
    while(L)
    {
        if(L->Data==X)return L;
        L=L->Next;
    }
    return ERROR;
}
bool Insert( List L, ElementType X, Position P )
{
    List node;
    node=(List)malloc(sizeof(struct LNode));
    node->Next=NULL;
    node->Data=X;
    if(L==P)
    {
        node->Next=L;
        return true;
    }
    while(L)
    {
        if(L->Next==P)
        {
            node->Next=L->Next;
            L->Next=node;
            return true;
        }
        L=L->Next;
    }
    printf("Wrong Position for Insertion\n");
    return false;
}
bool Delete( List L, Position P )
{
    List head;
    head=L;
    if(L==P)
    {
        head->Next=NULL;
        free(head);
        return true;
    }
    while(L)
    {
        if(L->Next==P)
        {
            L->Next=P->Next;
            free(P);
            return true;
        }
        L=L->Next;
    }
    printf("Wrong Position for Deletion\n");
    return false;
}

6-7 在一个数组中实现两个堆栈 (20 分)

本题要求在一个数组中实现两个堆栈。
函数接口定义:

Stack CreateStack( int MaxSize );
bool Push( Stack S, ElementType X, int Tag );
ElementType Pop( Stack S, int Tag );

其中Tag是堆栈编号,取1或2;MaxSize堆栈数组的规模;Stack结构定义如下:

typedef int Position;
struct SNode {
    ElementType *Data;
    Position Top1, Top2;
    int MaxSize;
};
typedef struct SNode *Stack;

注意:如果堆栈已满,Push函数必须输出“Stack Full”并且返回false;如果某堆栈是空的,则Pop函数必须输出“Stack Tag Empty”(其中Tag是该堆栈的编号),并且返回ERROR。
裁判测试程序样例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define ERROR 1e8
typedef int ElementType;
typedef enum { push, pop, end } Operation;
typedef enum { false, true } bool;
typedef int Position;
struct SNode {
    ElementType *Data;
    Position Top1, Top2;
    int MaxSize;
};
typedef struct SNode *Stack;

Stack CreateStack( int MaxSize );
bool Push( Stack S, ElementType X, int Tag );
ElementType Pop( Stack S, int Tag );

Operation GetOp();  /* details omitted */
void PrintStack( Stack S, int Tag ); /* details omitted */

int main()
{
    int N, Tag, X;
    Stack S;
    int done = 0;

    scanf("%d", &N);
    S = CreateStack(N);
    while ( !done ) {
        switch( GetOp() ) {
        case push: 
            scanf("%d %d", &Tag, &X);
            if (!Push(S, X, Tag)) printf("Stack %d is Full!\n", Tag);
            break;
        case pop:
            scanf("%d", &Tag);
            X = Pop(S, Tag);
            if ( X==ERROR ) printf("Stack %d is Empty!\n", Tag);
            break;
        case end:
            PrintStack(S, 1);
            PrintStack(S, 2);
            done = 1;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */

输入样例:

5
Push 1 1
Pop 2
Push 2 11
Push 1 2
Push 2 12
Pop 1
Push 2 13
Push 2 14
Push 1 3
Pop 2
End

输出样例:

Stack 2 Empty
Stack 2 is Empty!
Stack Full
Stack 1 is Full!
Pop from Stack 1: 1
Pop from Stack 2: 13 12 11
Stack CreateStack( int MaxSize )
{
    Stack p=(Stack)malloc(sizeof(struct SNode));
    p->Data=(int*)malloc(MaxSize*sizeof(int));
    p->Top1=-1;
    p->Top2=MaxSize;
    p->MaxSize=MaxSize;
    return p;
}
bool Push(Stack S, ElementType X, int Tag)
{
    if(S->Top2-S->Top1==1)
    {
        puts("Stack Full");
        return false;
    }
    if(Tag==1)
        S->Data[++(S->Top1)]=X;
    else
        S->Data[--(S->Top2)]=X;
    return 1;
}
ElementType Pop(Stack S, int Tag)
{
    if(Tag==1)
    {
        if(S->Top1==-1)
        {
            printf("Stack %d Empty\n",Tag);
            return ERROR;
        }
        return S->Data[(S->Top1)--];
    }
    if(Tag==2)
    {
        if(S->Top2==S->MaxSize)
        {
            printf("Stack %d Empty\n",Tag);
            return ERROR;
        }
        return S->Data[(S->Top2)++];
    }
}

6-8 求二叉树高度 (20 分)

本题要求给定二叉树的高度。
函数接口定义:

int GetHeight( BinTree BT );

其中BinTree结构定义如下:

typedef struct TNode *Position;
typedef Position BinTree;
struct TNode{
    ElementType Data;
    BinTree Left;
    BinTree Right;
};

要求函数返回给定二叉树BT的高度值。
裁判测试程序样例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef char ElementType;
typedef struct TNode *Position;
typedef Position BinTree;
struct TNode{
    ElementType Data;
    BinTree Left;
    BinTree Right;
};

BinTree CreatBinTree(); /* 实现细节忽略 */
int GetHeight( BinTree BT );

int main()
{
    BinTree BT = CreatBinTree();
    printf("%d\n", GetHeight(BT));
    return 0;
}
/* 你的代码将被嵌在这里 */

输出样例(对于图中给出的树):
在这里插入图片描述
4

int GetHeight( BinTree BT )
{
    int h,rh,lh;
    if(BT==NULL)return NULL;
    lh=GetHeight(BT->Left);
    rh=GetHeight(BT->Right);
    h=(lh>rh?lh:rh)+1;
    return h;
}
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