SpringMVC的简单总结

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一、SpringMVC需要的maven依赖？

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <junit.version>5.7.0</junit.version>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>

        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.11.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--启用不严格检查html-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId>
            <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.22</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.1</version> </dependency>
        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- ServletAPI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.uuid/java-uuid-generator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.uuid</groupId>
            <artifactId>java-uuid-generator</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

二、SpringMVC需要的配置文件

1.在Web.xml下的文件

代码如下（示例）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!-- 配置SpringMVC的前端控制器，对浏览器发送的请求统一进行处理 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param> <init-param>
        <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name>
        <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置和名称 -->
        <init-param> <!-- contextConfigLocation为固定值 -->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!-- 使用classpath:表示从类路径查找配置文件，例如maven工程中的 src/main/resources -->
  ！！！ 这里的springMVC.xml文件可以新建在resources目录下，我的工程文件名为springMVC.xml，可以另取
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>

        <!--作为框架的核心组件，在启动过程中有大量的初始化操作要做 而这些操作放在第一次请求时才执行会严重影响访问速度 因此需要通过此标签将启动控制DispatcherServlet的初始化时间提前到服务器启动时 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter
    </filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

2.resources目录下的springMVC.xml配置

代码如下（示例）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
						http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
          				http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">


    <!-- 1、配置注解驱动：识别注解标志
    spring提供的注解比如@Component @Service @Controller @Repository
    在SpringMVC中能够将带有该注解的类扫描给Spring容器进行管理
    但是要想SpringMVC实现更加完成的功能，SpringMVC又封装自身的注解比如@RequestMapping @GetMapping .....
    -->
    <!-- 2、配置包扫描
    将带有@Component @Service @Controller @Repository这些注解的类交给Spring容器进行管理
        base-package：基于哪个包进行扫描，扫描根包所有子包都会被扫描
    -->
    !!!需要配置扫描器的包位置
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.demo"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 3、内部资源视图解析器
        最终实现把页面的正确路径进行拼接
        /WEB-INF/jsp/   login（返回的视图名）
    -->
    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                  ！！！我的WEB_INF目录下新建了一个pages目录，我把网页放在pages目录下      
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                  ！！！想要jsp可以改为.jsp
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
</property> </bean>

    <!--处理静态资源，例如html、js、css、jpg 若只设置该标签，则只能访问静态资源，其他请求则无法访问 此时必须设置<mvc:annotation-driven/>解决问题 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!-- 开启mvc注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:message-converters>
        <!-- 处理响应中文内容乱码 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
            <property name="defaultCharset" value="UTF-8" />
            <property name="supportedMediaTypes">
                <list>
                    <value>text/html</value>
                    <value>application/json</value>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>

    </mvc:message-converters>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象-->

    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"></bean>
    !!!下面是过滤器配置
    第一种方法，对所有网页进行过滤
  <!--  <mvc:interceptors>
        <bean class="com.example.demo.interceptor"></bean>
    </mvc:interceptors>-->
	第二种方法，对除了/login的网页进行过滤
<!--<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
        <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login"/>
        <ref bean="interceptor"></ref>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>-->
	多个过滤器一起设置，preHandle是顺序执行，也就是先interceptor再interceptor2
	postHandle和afterCompletion是逆序执行, 也就是先interceptor2再interceptor
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <ref bean="interceptor"></ref>
        <ref bean="interceptor2"></ref>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    异常处理，当出现ArithmeticException跳转error页面
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
        <property name="exceptionMappings">
            <props>
                <!--properties的键表示处理器方法执行过程中出现的异常 properties的值表示若出现指定异常时，设置一个新的视图名称，跳转到指定页面 -->
                <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <!--exceptionAttribute属性设置一个属性名，将出现的异常信息在请求域中进行共享 -->
        ex是键，异常信息是值，在html页面可以用<p th:text="${ex}"></P>显示
        <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property> </bean>

</beans>

3.控制器的用法

1、创建控制器

@Controller
public class controller {
    @RequestMapping("/login")
       public String login()
  	  	{
        return "login";
      	}
    }

2.地址为index或outdex，get方法，参数username=1，没有password的请求进入到index页面

    @RequestMapping(
            value ={ "/index","outdex"},method = {RequestMethod.GET},
            params = {"username=1","!password"}
    public String index()
    {
        return "index";
    }
    )

3.地址为…/testPath/id的方法进入，此处id是传的参数，此处配合前端一般是a标签传参，比如需要删除一个id为2的学生信息

前端代码为

<a th:href="@{/testPath/1}">删除id为1的学生信息</a>

 @RequestMapping("/testPath/{id}")
    public String TestPath(@PathVariable("id") Integer id)
    {
        System.out.println(id);
        return "index";
    }

4.地址为testPara，参数为username和password，此处一般为form表单提交，后端获取表单信息,以下两种方法都可以

<a th:href="@{/testPara(username='king',password=12345)}">测试传参</a>


<form th:action="@{/testPara}" method="post">
 用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
 密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
 <input type="submit">
</form>

    @RequestMapping("/testPara")
    public String test1(String username,String password)
    {
        System.out.println("用户名: "+username);
        System.out.println("密码: "+password);
        return "index";
    }

5.当form表单有别名时，required表示没有参数也能通过，defaultvalue表示默认值

<a th:href="@{/testPara2(user_name='king',password=12345)}">测试下划线传参</a>

    @RequestMapping("/testPara2")
    public String test2(@RequestParam(value = "user_name",required = false,defaultValue = "hhhh") String username, String password)
    {
        System.out.println("用户名: "+username);
        System.out.println("密码: "+password);
        return "index";
    }

6.当一个表单有很多条数据时，我们可以把他们封装成一个类传参，此处userInfo和user数据一样

<form th:action="@{/testPojo}" method="post">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    性别：<input type="radio" name="sex" value="男">男<input type="radio" name="sex" value="女">女<br>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><br>
    邮箱：<input type="text" name="email"><br>
    <input type="submit">
</form>

  @RequestMapping("/testPojo")
    public String testPojo(User user,User userInfo)
    {
        System.out.println(userInfo.getPassword());
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        System.out.println(user.getSex());
        System.out.println(user.getAge());
        System.out.println(user.getEmail());
        System.out.println(user.getUsername());
        System.out.println(user.getPassword());
        return "index";
    }

7.session的使用，用原生的方法比较简单

<a th:href="@{/testSession}">testSession的方法</a>

数据回显

<p th:text="testSession"></p>

 @RequestMapping("/testSession")
    public String  testSession(HttpSession session)
    {
        session.setAttribute("testSession","hello  testSession");
        return "index";
    }

8.Requst可以用原生的方法，但是在SpringMVC里面提供了几个更好的方法

一、ModelAndView

<a th:href="@{/testRequest}">testRequest的方法</a>

数据回显

<p th:text="testRequest"></p>

   @RequestMapping("/testRequest")
    public ModelAndView testRequest(ModelAndView ModelAndView)
    {
        ModelAndView mav =  new ModelAndView();
        mav.addObject("testRequest","testRequest");
        mav.setViewName("index");
        return mav;
    }

二、model

   @RequestMapping("/testRequest")
    public ModelAndView testRequest(Model Model)
    {
   		model.addAttribute("testRequest",testRequest);
        return index;
    }

9.向另一个网页发送json数据，需要json的maven依赖

   @RequestMapping("/testJson")
    @ResponseBody
    public User testJson()
    {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername("testUsername");
        user.setPassword("testPassword");
        user.setAge(12);
        user.setEmail("testEmail");
        user.setSex("testSex");
        return user;
    }

10.Ajax发送json数据，需要vue.js包和axios.js包

<div id="app">
    <a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjax</a>
    <br>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
    var vue = new Vue({
        el:"#app",
        methods:{
            testAjax:function (event) {
                axios(
                    {
                        method:"post",
                        url:event.target.href,
                        params:{
                            username:"admin",
                            password:"123456"
                        }
                    }
                    ).then(function (response)
                {
                    alert(response.data);
                }
                );
                event.preventDefault();
            }
        }
    });
</script>

 @RequestMapping("/testAjax")
    @ResponseBody
    public String testAjax(String username, String password)
    {
        System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password);
        return "hello,ajax";
    }

11.在SpringMVC中，我们一般get方式请求进行查询操作，post方式请求进行增加操作，put方式请求进行更新操作，delete请求方式进行删除操作

一、get

@RequestMapping(value = {"/testget"},method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public String testget(String username,String password)
    {
        System.out.println("查询操作成功"+"  -用户名"+username+" -密码"+password);
        return "success";
    }

二、post

    @RequestMapping(value = {"/testpost"},method = {RequestMethod.POST})
    public String testpost(String username,String password)
    {
        System.out.println("增加操作成功"+"  -用户名"+username+" -密码"+password);
        return "success";
    }

三、put

<form th:action="@{/testput}" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
    用户名：<input type="text" name="username">
    密码：<input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit" value="put方法更新操作">
</form>

    @RequestMapping(value = {"/testput"},method = {RequestMethod.PUT})
    public String testput(String username,String password)
    {
        System.out.println("更新操作成功"+"  -用户名"+username+" -密码"+password);
        return "success";
    }

四、******delete最复杂

<table id="dataTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align: center;">
    <tr>
        <th colspan="5">Employee Info</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <th>id</th>
        <th>lastName</th>
        <th>email</th>
        <th>gender</th>
        <th>options</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>1号数据</td>
        <td>2号数据</td>
        <td>3号数据</td>
        <td>4号数据</td>
        <td>
            <a @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/testVue/'+${'154'}}">delete</a>
            <a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${1}}">update</a>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>

此时，我们的a标签只是一个普通的get请求，那么我们如何让他变为delete方法的请求呢

<form id="deleteForm" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
</form>

<script type="text/javascript">
    var vue = new Vue({
        el:"#dataTable",
        methods:{
            deleteEmployee:function (event) {
                //根据id获取表单元素
                var deleteForm = document.getElementById("deleteForm");
                //将触发点击事件的超链接的href属性赋值给表单的action
                deleteForm.action = event.target.href;
                //提交表单
                deleteForm.submit();
                //取消超链接的默认行为
                event.preventDefault();
            }
        }
    });
</script>

我们先用el找到dataTable元素，然后用@Click找到a标签，将a标签的请求方式和请求改为deleteForm类型的请求，再取消默认行为，就可以得到了，同理需要put请求的时候也可以这样修改

 @RequestMapping(value = {"/testVue/{id}"},method = {RequestMethod.DELETE})
    public String testVue(@PathVariable("id") String id)
    {
        System.out.println("testVue删除成功"+"  -值为"+id);
        return "success";
    }

12.重定向和请求转发

@RequestMapping("/testForward") 
public String testForward()
{ 
return "forward:/testHello"; 
}

@RequestMapping("/testRedirect")
 public String testRedirect()
 { 
 return "redirect:/testHello"; 
 }

13.我有一个数据集，如何在网页上全部显示，用到了th:each将list集循环显示

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" id="dataTable"> 
<tr>
<th colspan="5">Employee Info</th> 
</tr> 
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>lastName</th> 
<th>email</th> 
<th>gender</th>
<th>options(<a th:href="@{/toAdd}">add</a>)</th> 
</tr> 
<tr th:each="employee : ${employeeList}">
<td th:text="${employee.id}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.lastName}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.email}"></td>
<td th:text="${employee.gender}"></td>
<td>
<a class="deleteA" @click="deleteEmployee" th:href="@{'/testVue/'+${employee.id}}">delete</a> 
<a th:href="@{'/employee/'+${employee.id}}">update</a> 
</td> 
</tr> 
</table>

14.RequestBody和RequestEntity，一个是请求体，一个是请求体和请求头都有

<form th:action="@{/RequestBody}" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit" value="测试RequestBody">
</form>

<form th:action="@{/RequestEntity}" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit" value="测试RequestEntity">
</form>

    @RequestMapping("/RequestBody")
    public String RequestBody(@RequestBody String RequestBody)
    {
        System.out.println(RequestBody);
        return "success";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/RequestEntity")
    public  String RequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> RequestEntity)
    {
        System.out.println("请求头"+RequestEntity.getHeaders());
        System.out.println("请求体"+RequestEntity.getBody());
        return "success";
    }

15.文件下载和上传

一.文件下载，除了有关文件名的需要改动，其他都不需要

<a th:href="@{/testDown}">下载1.jpg</a><br>

   @RequestMapping("/testDown")
    public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {
        //获取ServletContext对象
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        //获取服务器中文件的真实路径
        我的webapps下面有一个static包，里面有1.png图片
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/1.png");
        //创建输入流
        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //创建字节数组
        byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
        //将流读到字节数组中
        is.read(bytes);
        //创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息
        MultiValueMap<String, String> headers = new HttpHeaders();
        //设置要下载方式以及下载文件的名字
        headers.add("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=1.png");
        //设置响应状态码
        HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
        //创建ResponseEntity对象
        ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes, headers, statusCode);
        //关闭输入流
        is.close();
        return responseEntity;
    }

·二.文件上传,基本不需要改动

<form th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    头像：<input type="file" name="photo"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>

  @RequestMapping("/testUp")
    public String testUp(MultipartFile photo, HttpSession session) throws IOException
    {
        //获取上传的文件的文件名
        String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();
        //处理文件重名问题
        hzName是文件的后缀名
        String hzName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
        UUID是随机生成的一个很少重复的字符串，如djawoddhqwou312312ed
        fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + hzName;
        //获取服务器中photo目录的路径
        ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
        String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo");
        File file = new File(photoPath); if(!file.exists()){ file.mkdir();
        }
        String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName;
        //实现上传功能
        photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath));
        return "success";
    }

16.过滤器

在SpringMVC.xml配置，详情可见SpringMVC配置里面的注释

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Component
public class interceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle方法执行");
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle方法执行");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion方法执行");
    }
}

17.异常处理注释法

也有xml配置法，也在SpringMVC.xml里注释的有

import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;

@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
    @ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
    public String testException(Exception ex, Model model)
    {
        System.out.println("执行到这里来");
        model.addAttribute("ex",ex);
        return "error";
    }
}

未完成目标

关于SpringMVC的创建类来代替xml文件还没有继续学，之后有时间再学，我个人是更喜欢xml配置，因为之前学Spring就是纯xml配置，后续未学的链接https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ry4y1574R?p=87