操作系统:动态分区存储(首次适应算法、最佳适应算法)

一、算法思想:

1、首次适应算法:

        首次适应算法从空闲分区的第一个表目起查找该表,把最先能够满足要求的空闲区分配给作业,这种方法目的在于减少查找时间。

2、最佳适应算法:

从全部空闲区中找出能满足作业要求的、且大小最小的空闲分区,这种方法能使碎片尽量小。为适应此算法,空闲分区要按从小到大进行排序,自表头开始查找到第一个满足要求的自由分区分配。

二、算法代码:

1、首次适应算法:

package Package8;

import java.util.*;

public class FirstFit {

    static int totalSpace = 0; // 记录整个内存的空间

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("输入整数执行相应操作:");
        System.out.println("1、初始化内存;");
        System.out.println("2、输入作业;");
        System.out.println("3、分区回收;");
        System.out.println("4、内存信息;");
        System.out.println("其他:结束程序");

        List<Subregion> subregionList = new ArrayList<>();

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        outside:while (true) {

            System.out.print("请输入要执行的操作:");
            int command = 0;
            try{
                command = scanner.nextInt();
            } catch (Exception e){
                System.out.println("请输入整数!");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            switch (command){
                case 1:
                    // 初始化
                    if (totalSpace == 0){
                        // 初始化分区
                        System.out.print("请输入初始分区的大小:");
                        int size = 0;
                        try{
                            size = scanner.nextInt();
                            totalSpace = size;
                        } catch (Exception e){
                            System.out.println("请输入整数!");
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        Subregion subregion = new Subregion(0, size, size, size);
                        subregionList.add(subregion);
                        System.out.println("初始化成功!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("分区已经初始化!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    // 输入作业
                    if (totalSpace != 0){
                        System.out.print("请输入作业名:");
                        String taskName = scanner.next();
                        System.out.print("请输入作业大小:");
                        int taskSize = 0;
                        try{
                            taskSize = scanner.nextInt();
                        } catch (Exception e){
                            System.out.println("请输入整数!");
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        if (taskSize == 0){
                            System.out.println("作业大小不能为0!");
                            break;
                        }
                        int flag = -1; // 用于标记内存是否可以存入作业
                        // 判断内存中是否有同名的作业
                        for (Subregion subregion : subregionList) {
                                if (subregion.task.taskName != null && subregion.task.taskName.equals(taskName)) {
                                    System.out.println("作业名被占用!");
                                    flag = 1;
                                    break;
                                }
                        }

                        if (flag != 1) {
                            // 遍历所有分区
                            for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
                                // 判断分区是否可以存下作业
                                if (subregionList.get(i).freeSpace >= taskSize){
                                    // 存入作业
                                    Task task = new Task();
                                    task.taskName = taskName;
                                    task.taskSize = taskSize;
                                    subregionList.get(i).task = task;
                                    // 修改分区空闲空间
                                    subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).freeSpace - taskSize;

                                    // 动态分区
                                    // 如果刚好存下就不分区,否则剩下的分一个新的分区
                                    if (subregionList.get(i).freeSpace != 0){
                                        Subregion subregion = new Subregion();
                                        subregion.freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregion.startAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress - subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregion.endAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress;
                                        subregion.partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregionList.add(subregion);

                                        // 修改原分区信息
                                        subregionList.get(i).endAddress = subregion.startAddress;
                                        subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace - subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = 0;

                                        // 将分区按照起始地址排序
                                        sortByStartAddress(subregionList);

                                    }
                                    flag = 0;
                                    System.out.println("存入成功!");
                                    break;
                                }

                            }
                        }
                        if (flag == -1){
                            System.out.println("内存不足!");
                        }

                    } else {
                        System.out.println("请初始化分区!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    // 回收作业
                    if (totalSpace != 0){

                        System.out.print("请输入作业名:");
                        String taskName = scanner.next();
                        // 判断作业是否存在
                        int flag = -1; // 用于标记作业是否存在
                        for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
                                if (subregionList.get(i).task.taskName != null && subregionList.get(i).task.taskName.equals(taskName)){

                                    // 如果只有一个分区,直接回收
                                    if (subregionList.size() == 1){
                                        subregionList.get(i).task = new Task();
                                        subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = totalSpace;
                                        subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = totalSpace;
                                        System.out.println("回收成功!");
                                        flag = 1;
                                        break;

                                    }

                                    // 将该作业所在的区域变成空闲分区
                                    subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).task.taskSize;
                                    subregionList.get(i).task = new Task();

                                    sortByStartAddress(subregionList);
                                    // 删除总空间为0的分区
                                    deleteSubregion(subregionList);
                                    
                                    flag = 0;
                                    break;
                                }
                        }

                        // 合并分区
                        if (flag == 0){
                            int num = subregionList.size();
                            while (num > 0){
                                for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {

                                    // 该分区为第一个分区
                                    if (subregionList.get(i).task.taskName == null && i == 0){
                                        // 同时第二个分区也为空,合并
                                        if ((i + 1) < subregionList.size() && subregionList.get(i + 1).task.taskName == null){
                                            // 将两个分区大小合并
                                            subregionList.get(i).endAddress = subregionList.get(i + 1).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i).endAddress - subregionList.get(i).startAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace;

                                            // 将第二个分区大小变成0
                                            subregionList.get(i + 1).startAddress = subregionList.get(i + 1).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i + 1).partitionSpace = 0;
                                            subregionList.get(i + 1).freeSpace = 0;
                                        }
                                    }

                                    // 该分区不是第一个分区
                                    if (subregionList.get(i).task.taskName == null && i != 0){
                                        // 如果该分区的前一个分区为空闲分区
                                        if (subregionList.get(i - 1).task.taskName == null){
                                            // 将该分区合并到前一个分区
                                            subregionList.get(i - 1).endAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i - 1).partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i - 1).endAddress - subregionList.get(i - 1).startAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i - 1).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i - 1).partitionSpace;

                                            // 该分区大小变成0
                                            subregionList.get(i).startAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = 0;
                                            subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = 0;
                                        }
                                    }

                                }
                                // 删除分区空间为0的分区
                                deleteSubregion(subregionList);
                                num --;
                            }
                            System.out.println("回收成功!");

                        } else if (flag == -1){
                            System.out.println("作业不存在!");
                        }

                    } else {
                        System.out.println("请初始化分区!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    // 内存信息
                    if (totalSpace != 0){
                        System.out.println("总内存空间:" + totalSpace);
                        for (Subregion subregion : subregionList) {
                            System.out.println(subregion);
                        }
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("请初始化分区!");
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break outside; // 退出外层循环
            }

        }
        scanner.close();

    }

    /**
     * 该方法用于将数组按起始地址排序
     */
    public static void sortByStartAddress(List<Subregion> subregionList){
        for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j + 1 < subregionList.size() - i; j++) {
                if (subregionList.get(j).startAddress > subregionList.get(j + 1).startAddress){
                    Collections.swap(subregionList, j, j + 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 该方法用于删除总空间为0的分区
     */
    public static void deleteSubregion(List<Subregion> subregionList){
        subregionList.removeIf(subregion -> subregion.partitionSpace == 0);
    }


    // 分区信息
    static class Subregion {

        private int startAddress; // 起始地址
        private int endAddress; // 结束地址
        private int partitionSpace; // 该分区的总空间
        private int freeSpace; // 空闲空间
        Task task = new Task(); // 作业信息

        public Subregion(int startAddress, int endAddress, int partitionSpace, int freeSpace) {
            this.startAddress = startAddress;
            this.endAddress = endAddress;
            this.partitionSpace = partitionSpace;
            this.freeSpace = freeSpace;
        }

        public Subregion() {
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            String taskInfo = "";
            if (task.taskName != null){
                taskInfo = "   " + "分区中作业信息:\n" + "        " + task;
            }
            return "分区信息:" +
                    "起始地址:" + startAddress +
                    ", 结束地址:" + endAddress +
                    ", 分区总空间:" + partitionSpace +
                    ", 空闲空间:" + freeSpace + "\n" +
                    taskInfo;
        }
    }

    // 作业信息
    static class Task{

        private String taskName; // 作业名
        private int taskSize; // 作业大小

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return  "作业名:'" + taskName + '\'' +
                    ", 作业大小: " + taskSize;
        }
    }


}

2、最佳适应算法:

package Package8;

import java.util.*;

public class BestFit {

    static int totalSpace = 0; // 记录整个内存的空间

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("输入整数执行相应操作:");
        System.out.println("1、初始化内存;");
        System.out.println("2、输入作业;");
        System.out.println("3、分区回收;");
        System.out.println("4、内存信息;");
        System.out.println("其他:结束程序");

        List<Subregion2> subregionList = new ArrayList<>();

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        outside:while (true) {

            System.out.print("请输入要执行的操作:");
            int command = 0;
            try{
                command = scanner.nextInt();
            } catch (Exception e){
                System.out.println("请输入整数!");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            switch (command){
                case 1:
                    // 初始化
                    if (totalSpace == 0){
                        // 初始化分区
                        System.out.print("请输入初始分区的大小:");
                        int size = 0;
                        try{
                            size = scanner.nextInt();
                            totalSpace = size;
                        } catch (Exception e){
                            System.out.println("请输入整数!");
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        Subregion2 subregion = new Subregion2(0, size, size, size);
                        subregionList.add(subregion);
                        System.out.println("初始化成功!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("分区已经初始化!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 2:
                    // 输入作业
                    if (totalSpace != 0){
                        System.out.print("请输入作业名:");
                        String taskName = scanner.next();
                        System.out.print("请输入作业大小:");
                        int taskSize = 0;
                        try{
                            taskSize = scanner.nextInt();
                        } catch (Exception e){
                            System.out.println("请输入整数!");
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        if (taskSize == 0){
                            System.out.println("作业大小不能为0!");
                            break;
                        }
                        int flag = -1; // 用于标记内存是否可以存入作业
                        // 判断内存中是否有同名的作业
                        for (Subregion2 subregion : subregionList) {
                            if (subregion.task.taskName != null && subregion.task.taskName.equals(taskName)) {
                                System.out.println("作业名被占用!");
                                flag = 1;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if (flag != 1) {
                            // 遍历所有分区
                            for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
                                // 判断分区是否可以存下作业
                                if (subregionList.get(i).freeSpace >= taskSize){
                                    // 存入作业
                                    Task2 task = new Task2();
                                    task.taskName = taskName;
                                    task.taskSize = taskSize;
                                    subregionList.get(i).task = task;
                                    // 修改分区空闲空间
                                    subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).freeSpace - taskSize;

                                    // 动态分区
                                    // 如果刚好存下就不分区,否则剩下的分一个新的分区
                                    if (subregionList.get(i).freeSpace != 0){
                                        Subregion2 subregion = new Subregion2();
                                        subregion.freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregion.startAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress - subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregion.endAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress;
                                        subregion.partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregionList.add(subregion);

                                        // 修改原分区信息
                                        subregionList.get(i).endAddress = subregion.startAddress;
                                        subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace - subregionList.get(i).freeSpace;
                                        subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = 0;

                                        // 将分区按照起始地址排序
                                        // sortByStartAddress(subregionList);

                                        // 将空闲分区按空闲空间大小排序
                                        sortByFreeSpace(subregionList);

                                    }
                                    flag = 0;
                                    System.out.println("存入成功!");
                                    break;
                                }

                            }
                        }
                        if (flag == -1){
                            System.out.println("内存不足!");
                        }

                    } else {
                        System.out.println("请初始化分区!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    // 回收作业
                    if (totalSpace != 0){

                        System.out.print("请输入作业名:");
                        String taskName = scanner.next();
                        // 判断作业是否存在
                        int flag = -1; // 用于标记作业是否存在
                        for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
                            if (subregionList.get(i).task.taskName != null && subregionList.get(i).task.taskName.equals(taskName)){

                                // 如果只有一个分区,直接回收
                                if (subregionList.size() == 1){
                                    subregionList.get(i).task = new Task2();
                                    subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = totalSpace;
                                    subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = totalSpace;
                                    System.out.println("回收成功!");
                                    flag = 1;
                                    break;

                                }

                                // 将该作业所在的区域变成空闲分区
                                subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).task.taskSize;
                                subregionList.get(i).task = new Task2();

                                sortByStartAddress(subregionList);
                                // 删除总空间为0的分区
                                deleteSubregion(subregionList);

                                flag = 0;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        // 合并分区
                        if (flag == 0){
                            int num = subregionList.size();
                            while (num > 0){
                                for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {

                                    // 该分区为第一个分区
                                    if (subregionList.get(i).task.taskName == null && i == 0){
                                        // 同时第二个分区也为空,合并
                                        if ((i + 1) < subregionList.size() && subregionList.get(i + 1).task.taskName == null){
                                            // 将两个分区大小合并
                                            subregionList.get(i).endAddress = subregionList.get(i + 1).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i).endAddress - subregionList.get(i).startAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace;

                                            // 将第二个分区大小变成0
                                            subregionList.get(i + 1).startAddress = subregionList.get(i + 1).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i + 1).partitionSpace = 0;
                                            subregionList.get(i + 1).freeSpace = 0;
                                        }
                                    }

                                    // 该分区不是第一个分区
                                    if (subregionList.get(i).task.taskName == null && i != 0){
                                        // 如果该分区的前一个分区为空闲分区
                                        if (subregionList.get(i - 1).task.taskName == null){
                                            // 将该分区合并到前一个分区
                                            subregionList.get(i - 1).endAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i - 1).partitionSpace = subregionList.get(i - 1).endAddress - subregionList.get(i - 1).startAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i - 1).freeSpace = subregionList.get(i - 1).partitionSpace;

                                            // 该分区大小变成0
                                            subregionList.get(i).startAddress = subregionList.get(i).endAddress;
                                            subregionList.get(i).partitionSpace = 0;
                                            subregionList.get(i).freeSpace = 0;
                                        }
                                    }

                                }
                                // 删除分区空间为0的分区
                                deleteSubregion(subregionList);
                                num --;
                            }
                            sortByFreeSpace(subregionList);
                            System.out.println("回收成功!");

                        } else if (flag == -1){
                            System.out.println("作业不存在!");
                        }

                    } else {
                        System.out.println("请初始化分区!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    // 内存信息
                    if (totalSpace != 0){
                        System.out.println("总内存空间:" + totalSpace);
                        for (Subregion2 subregion : subregionList) {
                            System.out.println(subregion);
                        }
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("请初始化分区!");
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break outside; // 退出外层循环
            }

        }
        scanner.close();

    }

    /**
     * 该方法用于将分区按起始地址排序
     */
    public static void sortByStartAddress(List<Subregion2> subregionList){
        for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j + 1 < subregionList.size() - i; j++) {
                if (subregionList.get(j).startAddress > subregionList.get(j + 1).startAddress){
                    Collections.swap(subregionList, j, j + 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 该方法用于将空闲分区按空闲空间大小排序
     * 被占用的分区放到最后
     */
    public static void sortByFreeSpace(List<Subregion2> subregionList){
        for (int i = 0; i < subregionList.size(); i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j + 1 < subregionList.size() - i; j++) {
                if (subregionList.get(j).freeSpace > subregionList.get(j + 1).freeSpace){
                    Collections.swap(subregionList, j, j + 1);
                }
            }
        }

        List<Subregion2> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Iterator<Subregion2> iterator = subregionList.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Subregion2 subregion2 = iterator.next();
            if (subregion2.freeSpace == 0){
                list.add(subregion2);
                iterator.remove();
            }
        }
        subregionList.addAll(list);
    }

    /**
     * 该方法用于删除总空间为0的分区
     */
    public static void deleteSubregion(List<Subregion2> subregionList){
        subregionList.removeIf(subregion -> subregion.partitionSpace == 0);
    }


    // 分区信息
    static class Subregion2 {

        private int startAddress; // 起始地址
        private int endAddress; // 结束地址
        private int partitionSpace; // 该分区的总空间
        private int freeSpace; // 空闲空间
        Task2 task = new Task2(); // 作业信息

        public Subregion2(int startAddress, int endAddress, int partitionSpace, int freeSpace) {
            this.startAddress = startAddress;
            this.endAddress = endAddress;
            this.partitionSpace = partitionSpace;
            this.freeSpace = freeSpace;
        }

        public Subregion2() {
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            String taskInfo = "";
            if (task.taskName != null){
                taskInfo = "   " + "分区中作业信息:\n" + "        " + task;
            }
            return "分区信息:" +
                    "起始地址:" + startAddress +
                    ", 结束地址:" + endAddress +
                    ", 分区总空间:" + partitionSpace +
                    ", 空闲空间:" + freeSpace + "\n" +
                    taskInfo;
        }
    }

    // 作业信息
    static class Task2{

        private String taskName; // 作业名
        private int taskSize; // 作业大小

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return  "作业名:'" + taskName + '\'' +
                    ", 作业大小: " + taskSize;
        }
    }

}

三、运行结果:

1、首次适应算法:

2、最佳适应算法: 

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