网络编程
1.1概述
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来 在网络操作系统 网络管理系统及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么
1.如何准确定位网络上的主机 192.168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机的某个资源。
2.找到这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb: 网页编程 B/S
网络编程: TCP/IP C/S
1.2网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
应用层就像是QQ,微信
传输层就相当于通信
网络层相当于封包
数据链路层就是具体的传输像是光纤 电缆啥的
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或多台主机
- 找到主机后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- ip和端口号 ip
- 网络通信协议 udp;tcp
3.万物皆对象
1.3 IP
ip地址:InetAddress
-
唯一 定位一台网络上的计算机
-
127.0.0.1 :本机 localhost
-
ip地址的分类
。IPV / IPV6
·IPV4 127.0.01 ,4个字节组成 ,0-255,42亿;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年用尽
·IPV6 128位。8个无符号整数 16进制
2000:0a25:ac12:05e2:8c88:dd66:4484:1201
。公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
·ABCD类地址 对半切
·192.168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的 -
域名:记忆IP问题
·ip:www.vip.com
package com.fq.lession01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站的ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名 或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
标题1.4端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件
- 被规定0-65535
- TCP,UDP:65565*2 都是0-65535 两者不冲突
- 端口分类
1.共有端口 0-1023
HTTP:80
HTTPS:443
FTP:21
Telent:23
2.程序注册端口:1024-49151,分配用户或程序
Tomcat:8080
MYSQL:3306
Oracle:1521
3.动态,私有:49152-65535netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "1900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "1900" #查看指定端口的进程 #ctrl+shift+Esc 任务管理器
package com.fq.lession01; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort()); } }
1.5通信协议
协议:约定 ,就好比我们现在说的普通话
网络通信协议:速率 传输码率 代码结构 传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂
大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP和UDP对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手 四次挥手
最少需要三次 保持稳定连接! A:你愁啥 B:瞅你咋地 A:干一架吧! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗 B:你真的真的要走了吗 A:嗯呢 拜拜
-
客户端 服务端
-
传输完成 释放连接 效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接 不稳定
- 客户端 服务端 没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好 都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS: 洪水攻击 (饱和攻击)
1.6TCP
注意:要先运行服务端哦~
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
package com.fq.lession02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习网络编程".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端
1.建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
2.等待用户的连接 accept
3.接收用的消息
package com.fq.lession02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.我得有一个ip地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//关闭资源
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
- TCP文件上传实现
客户端
package com.fq.lession02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("qinjiang.png"));
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器 我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream boas = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(boas.toString());
//5.关闭资源
boas.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器端
package com.fq.lession02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket =serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is =socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("revicer.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了 你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义S
- Tomcat服务器S:java后台开发
客户端 - 自定义C
- 浏览器B
UDP
发送消息
package com.fq.lession03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.键个包
String msg = "你好啊 服务器";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据 数据的长度起始 要发给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收消息
package com.fq.lession03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
发送
package com.fq.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据 控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收
package com.fq.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
//准备数据 控制台读取 system.in
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
多线程 多人聊天 俩个人可以都是发送方 也可以都是接收方
发送方法
package com.fq.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收方法
package com.fq.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
//准备数据 控制台读取 system.in
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
try {
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
发送者学生
package com.fq.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(6666,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
发送者老师
`package com.fq.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
URL
1
package com.fq.lession04;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen%password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
2
package com.fq.lession04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("vip.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}