JavaScript——对象相关知识点总结（ZUCC智能终端与移动应用开发lab3）

遍历对象的方法

const person = {
    //注意是逗号分隔属性
    firstName: 'first',
    lastName: 'last',
    age: 20,
    skills: [
        'JavaScript',
        'React',
        'Node'
    ],
    isMarried: false,

    getFullName: function () {
        return `${this.firstName},${this.lastName}`;
    },
};

//console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(person, 'skills'));
//console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(person, 'getFullName'));
//console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(person.skills, 'length'));

//for in

for (let prop in person) {
    console.log("person." + prop + " = " + person[prop]);
}
//output is person.firstName = first
//person.lastName = last
//person.age = 20
//person.skills = JavaScript,React,Node
//person.isMarried = false
//person.getFullName = function () {
//        return `${this.firstName},${this.lastName}`;
//    }


//Object.keys()打印对象键值生成一个数组

console.log(Object.keys(person));
//output is 
//[
  'firstName',
  'lastName',
  'age',
  'skills',
  'isMarried',
  'getFullName'
//]

//生成json对象
console.log(JSON.stringify(person));
//output is {"firstName":"first","lastName":"last","age":20,"skills":["JavaScript","React","Node"],"isMarried":false}

对象的引用和复制

对象的引用是指向同一个内存，对象的复制是创建不同内存的副本，两个对象互不影响

一般我们会写出这样的代码

String a = "123";
String b = a;
b = "345";
console.log(a,b); //output is "123" "345"

如果我们把数据类型换成对象

const person = {
    firstName: 'first',
    lastName: 'last',
    age: 20,
};
//person、samePerson指向的相同对象，即都引用了一个对象
let samePerson = person;
samePerson.age = 21;
console.log(person.age); //output is 21

这是因为基本数据类型是复制变量，而对象是引用一个变量

这是一个很重要的特性

//age拥有person.age的一个副本
let age = person.age;
age = 30;  //age是基本数据类型 Integer
console.log(person.age);

Object.assgin

//复制对象
let anotherPerson = Object.assign({}, person);
anotherPerson.age = 70;
console.log(anotherPerson.age);
console.log(person.age);

//复制合并多个对象
let newPerson = Object.assign(
    {}, person, { city: 'HangZhou' }, { firstName: 'Peng' });
console.log(newPerson);   

解构

const person = {
    firstName: 'robin',
    lastName: 'peng',
    age: 20,
};
//解构赋值
let {firstName, age} = person;
firstName = "xuan";   //结构是复制操作 不对原来的对象属性进行改变
console.log(person.firstName);
console.log(firstName);
console.log(age);

对象展开

const person = {
    firstName: 'robin',
    lastName: 'peng',
    age: 20,
};
//展开
let {firstName, age} = {...person};
console.log(firstName,age);


//展开用于复制对象  和对象的引用不同

let another = {...person};
another.age = 22;
console.log(person, another); //20、22

THIS

执行时this指向调用函数的上下文对象

const person = {
	name:"zjx",
	sayHello:function(){
		console.log(`Hello ${this.name}`);
	}
}

console.log(person.sayHello());  //output is zjx;
const ano = {
	name:"zs"
}
ano.sayHello = person.sayHello();
console.log(person.sayHello());  //output is zjx;
console.log(ano.sayHello()); //output is zs

//this指向调用函数的对象，是动态的，只有在运行的时候才能确定

this的默认值

tips: 在nodejs环境下全局变量是global，在浏览器环境下全局变量是window

//函数绑定全局对象，this变为指向全局对象
let freeSayHello = person.sayHello;
freeSayHello(); //undefined 全局对象中没有name属性  //指向global对象，但是global.name为空
global.name = "Global"; 
freeSayHello(); //Global 全局定义name属性

箭头函数的this

箭头函数在this上的特殊性, 箭头函数没有this, 但是可以使用外层的this对象****

robot.arrowFunction = ()=>{console.log(this)};
robot.arrowFunction(); //{} 箭头函数没有this并且当前外层没有this  //output is {}
robot.anonymousFunction = function(){console.log(this)};
robot.anonymousFunction(); //robot对象 普通匿名函数有this  
robot.arrowFunctionInRobot = function(){
    (()=>{console.log(this)})();
};
robot.arrowFunctionInRobot(); //robot对象 箭头函数没有this但是外层有this

作业

题目

基于实验二的要求，构建一个模块statistics.mjs，这个模块中定义一个统计计算类，该类支持

1）计算平均值、中位数、 范围、方差

2）计算结果可以输出到控制台

3）提供isSaveToFile参数，可以将计算结果写入磁盘（引入node的fs模块）

编写一个main.mjs文件，引入上述统计计算类，并应用验证。

题解

终端下载fs

npm install fs

main.mjs

import cal from './statistics.mjs';
import fs from 'fs';
const ages = [52, 44, 76, 7, 17, 36, 32, 32, 26, 28, 27, 49, 32, 33, 32, 33, 27, 25, 26, 38, 37, 31, 38, 38, 49, 29, 85, 32, 64, 32, 78]
const calNum  = new cal();//新建计算类
//计算平均值
const avg = calNum.avg(ages);
console.log("平均值为"+avg);
console.log("------------");


ages.sort((a,b)=>{
  return a-b;
});
//计算中位数
const mid = calNum.mid(ages);
console.log("中位数"+mid);
console.log("------------");

//范围
const scope  = calNum.scope(ages);
console.log(scope);
console.log("------------");

//方差
const variance = calNum.cVariance(avg,ages);
console.log("方差为"+variance);

// const fs = require('fs')
console.log(fs.readdirSync("."));
fs.writeFile('write2.txt',`平均数:${avg} 中位数${mid} 范围 ${scope} 方差 ${variance}`,'utf8',(err)=>{
    if (err) {
        console.log(err);
        return;
    }
    console.log("创建写入成功");
});

statistics.msj

class cal{
  avg(ages){
    let avg = 0;
    let sum = ages.reduce((prev,cur)=>{
      prev+=cur;
      return prev;
    },0)
    avg = sum/ages.length;
    return avg;
  }

  mid(ages){
    let mid = 0;
    if(ages.length%2===0){
      const pos = ages.length/2;
      mid = (ages[pos]+ages[pos-1])/2;
    }
    else {
      const pos = (ages.length-1)/2;
      mid = ages[pos];

    }
    return mid;
  }

  scope(ages){
    return "范围["+ages[0]+","+ages[ages.length-1]+"]";
  }

  cVariance(avg,ages){
    let sum = 0;
    ages.forEach((val)=>{
      sum+=Math.pow(val-avg,2);
    })
    return sum/ages.length;
  }
  
}

export default cal;