【Elasticsearch】HTTP 篇

Elasticsearch 之 HTTP 篇

HTTP 操作

http 调试工具准备,例如:postman、apifox、apipost…

curl 也可

1、索引(表)

官方文档:Index APIs | Elasticsearch Guide | Elastic

创建 PUT

对比关系型数据库,创建【索引】就等同于创建【表】。

  • 但在使用上,Elasticsearch 的 Index 更强大、更灵活,比如它是分布式的,可以自带分片、复制、副本等能力,MySQL 表通常没有这些。

向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

  • 请求后,服务器返回响应:
{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "shopping"
}
  • 如果重复发 PUT 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping 添加索引,会返回错误信息:
{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
                "reason": "index [shopping/Z3ALzZdnQzGEJNoNSEGlvw] already exists",
                "index_uuid": "Z3ALzZdnQzGEJNoNSEGlvw",
                "index": "shopping"
            }
        ],
        "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
        "reason": "index [shopping/Z3ALzZdnQzGEJNoNSEGlvw] already exists",
        "index_uuid": "Z3ALzZdnQzGEJNoNSEGlvw",
        "index": "shopping"
    },
    "status": 400
}
查询 GET

查看所有索引

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v

  • 这里请求路径中的 _cat 表示查看的意思,indices 表示索引,
  • 所以整体含义就是查看当前 ES 服务器中的所有索引,就好像 MySQL 中的 show tables 的感觉,
  • 服务器响应结果如下:
health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   shopping Z3ALzZdnQzGEJNoNSEGlvw   1   1          0            0       208b           208b

响应结果说明:

表头含义
health当前服务器健康状态:green(集群完整)、yellow(单点正常/集群不完整)、red(单点不正常)
status索引打开、关闭状态
index索引名
uuid索引统一编号
pri主分片数量
rep副本数量
docs.count可用文档数量
docs.deleted文档删除状态(逻辑删除)
store.size主分片和副本整体占空间大小
pri.store.size主分片占空间大小

查看单个索引

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

  • url 中 shopping 代表 索引名称

返回结果如下:

{
    "shopping": {
        "aliases": {},
        "mappings": {},
        "settings": {
            "index": {
                "creation_date": "1744101764908",
                "number_of_shards": "1",
                "number_of_replicas": "1",
                "uuid": "Z3ALzZdnQzGEJNoNSEGlvw",
                "version": {
                    "created": "7080099"
                },
                "provided_name": "shopping"
            }
        }
    }
}
删除 DELETE

向 ES 服务器发 DELETE 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

返回结果如下:

{
    "acknowledged": true
}

2、文档(行)

这里的文档可以类比为关系型数据库中的表数据,添加的数据格式为 JSON 格式。

创建 POST

向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc,请求体 JSON 内容为:

{
    "title": "小米手机",
    "category": "小米",
    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price": 3999.00
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "_index": "shopping", //索引
    "_type": "_doc", // 类型-文档
    "_id": "aemnFJYBLUeT2LeerGCL", // 唯一标识,可以类比为 MySQL 中的主键,随机生成
    "_version": 1, // 版本
    "result": "created", // 结果,这里的 create 表示创建成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2, // 分片 - 总数
        "successful": 1, // 分片 - 总数
        "failed": 0 // 分片 - 总数
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

⚠️注意:

  • 上面的数据创建后,由于没有指定数据唯一性标识(ID),默认情况下, ES 服务器会随机生成一个。

如果想要自定义唯一性标识,需要在创建时指定:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1,请求体 JSON 内容为:

{
    "title": "小米手机",
    "category": "小米",
    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price": 3999.00
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,  // 自定义唯一标识
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
主键查询 GET
  • 查看文档时,需要指明文档的唯一性标识,类似于 MySQL 中数据的主键查询
  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1

返回结果如下:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 1,
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
        "price": 3999.00
    }
}

查找不存在的内容

  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001

返回结果如下:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "found": false
}
查询索引下所有数据 GET
  • 相当于查询某张表下的所有数据
  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 384,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "aemnFJYBLUeT2LeerGCL",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
修改 POST

全量修改

和新增文档一样,输入相同的 URL 地址请求,如果请求体变化,会将原有的数据内容覆盖

  • 向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1

请求体 JSON 内容为:

{
    "title": "华为手机",
    "category": "华为",
    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
    "price": 4999.00
}

修改成功后,服务器响应结果:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "updated", // updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1
}

再次进行主键查询,结果如下:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "_version": 2,
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "华为手机",
        "category": "华为",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
        "price": 4999.00
    }
}

可以看到,修改成功。

局部修改

修改数据时,也可以只修改某一给条数据的局部信息

向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_update/1

请求体 JSON 内容为:

{
    "doc": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米"
    }
}
删除 DELETE

删除一个文档不会立即从磁盘上移除,它只是被标记成已删除(逻辑删除)。

向 ES 服务器发 DELETE 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1

返回结果:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1", // 对应删除标识
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "deleted", // 表示删除成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 6,
    "_primary_term": 2
}

向 ES 服务器发 GET请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1,查看是否删除成功:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1",
    "found": false
}

3、映射操作(表结构)

先创建一个索引:

  • 向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/user
创建映射 PUT
  • 向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping
  • 附带 JSON 体如下
{
    "properties": {
        "name": {
            "type": "text",
            "index": true
        },
        "sex": {
            "type": "keyword", // 关键词类型,查询的时候不会分词
            "index": true
        },
        "tel": {
            "type": "keyword",
            "index": false // 字段不会被索引,不能用来搜索

        }
    }
}

映射数据说明

  • 字段名:任意填写,下面指定许多属性,例如:title、subtitle、images、price
  • type:类型,Elasticsearch 中支持的数据类型非常丰富,说几个关键的:
    • String 类型,又分两种:
      • text:可分词
      • keyword:不可分词,数据会作为完整字段进行匹配
    • Numerical:数值类型,分两类
      • 基本数据类型:longintegershortbytedoublefloathalf_float
      • 浮点数的高精度类型:scaled_float
    • Date:日期类型
    • Array:数组类型
    • Object:对象
  • index:是否索引,默认为 true,也就是说你不进行任何配置,所有字段都会被索引
    • true:字段会被索引,则可以用来进行搜索
    • false:字段不会被索引,不能用来搜索
  • store:是否将数据进行独立存储,默认为 false
    • 原始的文本会存储在 source 里面,默认情况下其他提取出来的字段都不是独立存储
      的,是从 source 里面提取出来的
    • 当然你也可以独立的存储某个字段,只要设置 "store":true 即可,获取独立存储的字段要比从 _source 中解析快得多,但是也会占用更多的空间,所以要根据实际业务需求来设置
  • analyzer:分词器,这里的 ik_max_word 即使用 ik 分词器
索引映射关联 PUT
  • 创建索引(表)时并创建映射(表结构)
  • 向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/student
  • 附带 JSON 体如下
{
    "mappings": {
        "properties": {
            "name": {
                "type": "text"
            },
            "sex": {
                "type": "keyword"
            },
            "tel": {
                "type": "long",
                "index": false
            }
        }
    }
}
查询映射 GET
  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping

4、复杂查询

确保索引下有数据

  • 先向索引(表)中新增多条测试数据

  • 然后查询所有数据,向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
    "took": 661,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "qMZfGZYBs2T-OKTlDK1W",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
URL 带参查询

查找 category 为小米的文档

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search?q=category:小米,返回结果如下:

  • 可以看出来,会自动进行分词查询,即会查出 category 包含 的所有数据
{
    "took": 9,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 2.5700645,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 2.5700645,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 1.0296195,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
请求体带参查询

URL 带参数形式查询,这很容易让不善者心怀恶意,或者参数值出现中文会出现乱码情况。

为了避免这些情况,我们可用使用带 JSON 请求体请求进行查询。

接下带 JSON 请求体,还是查找 category 为小米的文档

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "category": "小米"
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 790,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 2.5700645,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 2.5700645,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 1.0296195,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
查询所有文档(请求体)

查找所有文档内容,也可以这样,

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

  • 不带也是同样的效果
{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}
查询指定字段

如果你想查询指定字段

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

  • 比如,只查询 title 字段
{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "_source": [
        "title"
    ]
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 53,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "qMZfGZYBs2T-OKTlDK1W",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
分页查询
  • from:当前页的起始索引,默认从 0 开始。from = (pageNum - 1) * size
  • size:每页显示多少条

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "from": 0,
    "size": 2
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 113,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
排序查询
  • 根据价格进行降序查询

  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": {
        "price": {
            "order": "desc"
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 298,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "qMZfGZYBs2T-OKTlDK1W",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    5999.0
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    3999.0
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999.0
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}
组合查询
  • bool 把各种其它查询通过 must(必须)、must not(必须不)、should(应该) 的方式进行组合

must 与查询

  • 假设想找出小米牌子,价格为 3999 元的。(must 相当于 sql 的 and
  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:
{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "must": [
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match": {
                        "price": 3999.00
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 119,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 2.89712,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 2.89712,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

should 或查询

  • 假设想找出小米和华为牌子。(should 相当于 sql 的 or
  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:
{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "should": [
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "华为"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

  • 字段不是关键词类型,会分词查询
{
    "took": 13,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.89712,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 1.89712,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "qMZfGZYBs2T-OKTlDK1W",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
范围查询

range 查询找出那些落在指定区间内的数字或者时间。range 查询允许以下字符

操作符说明
gt大于 >
gte大于等于 >=
lt小于 <
lte小于等于 <=
  • 假设想找出小米和华为的牌子,价格大于 4000 元的手机。

  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "should": [
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "华为"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "filter": {
                "range": {
                    "price": {
                        "gt": 4000
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 40,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.3862942,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "qMZfGZYBs2T-OKTlDK1W",
                "_score": 1.3862942,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
完全匹配

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "category": "小米"
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

  • 不会进行分词查询
{
    "took": 65,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.89712,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 1.89712,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
高亮查询

向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "category": "米"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "category": {} // 高亮这字段
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 403,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.6931471,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "小<em>米</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 0.6931471,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "红<em>米</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
聚合查询

分组查询示例

聚合允许使用者对 es 文档进行统计分析,类似与关系型数据库中的 group by,当然还有很多其他的聚合,例如取最大值 max、平均值 avg 等等。

接下来按 price 字段进行分组:

  • 新增个相同 price 的数据

  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:

{
    "aggs": { //聚合操作
        "price_group": { //名称,随意起名
            "terms": { //分组
                "field": "price" //分组字段
            }
        }
    }
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 1309,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 4,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "psZeGZYBs2T-OKTlWq1C",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "p8ZeGZYBs2T-OKTloK3v",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "红米手机",
                    "category": "红米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "qMZfGZYBs2T-OKTlDK1W",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "wcbjGZYBs2T-OKTlL62H",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 3999.0,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 1999.0,
                    "doc_count": 1
                },
                {
                    "key": 5999.0,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

不返回原始数据写法

上面返回结果会附带原始数据的。若不想要不附带原始数据的结果,可以加多个 size 筛选属性:

{
    "aggs": {
        "price_group": {
            "terms": {
                "field": "price"
            }
        }
    },
    "size": 0
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 10,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 4,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 3999.0,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 1999.0,
                    "doc_count": 1
                },
                {
                    "key": 5999.0,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

平均值查询示例

  • 向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求:http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search,附带 JSON 体如下:
{
    "aggs": {
        "price_avg": { // 名称,随意起名
            "avg": { // 求平均
                "field": "price"
            }
        }
    },
    "size": 0
}

返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 188,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 4,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_avg": {
            "value": 3999.0
        }
    }
}
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