socket网络编程（笔记）

引入两个概念

大段字节序：将高序字节放在起始地址

小段字节序：将低序字节放在起始地址

网络字节序：大端字节序

 linux x86cpu下：小段字节序

因此进行网络通信时，配置端口号和ip地址时 我们需要将linux环境下的小段字节序转化为大段字节序

整形 字节序转化api：

字符串 字节序转化api：

        

1.socket函数

原型：int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);

注意点;domain正常情况下为IPv4，type为协议可以是tcp或者udp，protocol可为0 根据type自动配置

2.bind函数

3.listen函数

4.accept函数

原型：int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,socklen_t addrlen);

原来系统定义sockaddr *addr的结构体不好用，因此开发者在后续更新了一个结构体来代替它：struct sockaddr_in 

寻找这个函数的方法进入到/usr/include/目录下 使用 grep“struct sockaddr_in {” * -nir 指令来寻找该函数的位置，结构体原型为:

struct sockaddr_in {
  __kernel_sa_family_t  sin_family;     /* Address family               */
  __be16                sin_port;       /* Port number                  */
  struct in_addr        sin_addr;  

}

sin_port端口号（5000以上）需用字节转化函数htons

sin_addr结构体里包含一个网络字符用来配置ip地址

server.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

int main()
{
        int n_read;
        int n_write;
        char readBuf[128];
        char *buf = "this is sever";
        memset(&readBuf,0,sizeof(readBuf));

        struct sockaddr_in addr;
        struct sockaddr_in addr2;
        memset(&addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
        memset(&addr2,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

        addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        addr.sin_port = htons(8888);
        inet_aton("10.149.83.245",&addr.sin_addr);

        int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if(sockfd == -1){
                perror("socket error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        if(bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in) ) == -1){
                perror("bind error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        if(listen(sockfd, 10)){
                perror("listen error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        int size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        int c_fd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&addr2, &size);
        if(c_fd == -1){
                perror("accept error:");
                exit(-1);
                           }
        int size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
        int c_fd = accept(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&addr2, &size);
        if(c_fd == -1){
                perror("accept error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        printf("connect from:%s\n",inet_ntoa(addr2.sin_addr));
        n_read = read(c_fd,readBuf,sizeof(readBuf));
        if(n_read == -1){
                printf("read fail!\n");
                exit(-1);
        }
        printf("read %d bye from client\n",n_read);
        printf("client:%s\n",readBuf);
        n_write = write(c_fd,buf,strlen(buf));
        if(n_write == -1){
                printf("write fail!\n");
                exit(-1);
        }
        close(c_fd);
        return 0;
}

                                                                                                                                             
                                                

client.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>          /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//#include <linux/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main()
{
        int n_read;
        int n_write;
        char *buf = "this is client";
        char readBuf[128];
        memset(&readBuf,0,sizeof(readBuf));


        struct sockaddr_in c_addr;
        memset(&c_addr,0,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
        c_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        c_addr.sin_port = htons(8888);
        inet_aton("10.149.83.245",&c_addr.sin_addr);

        int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM , 0);
        if(sockfd == -1){
                perror("socket error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        int c_fd = connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&c_addr,sizeof(struct sockaddr));
        if(c_fd == -1){
                perror("connect error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        printf("c_fd = %d\n",c_fd);
        n_write = write(sockfd,buf,strlen(buf));
        if(n_write == -1){
                perror("write error:");
                exit(-1);
        }
        printf("write %d bye to sever\n",n_write);
        n_read = read(sockfd,readBuf,sizeof(readBuf));
        if(n_read == -1){
                perror("read error:");
        exit(-1);
        }
        printf("sever:%s\n",readBuf);
        return 0;
}