Java-枚举

目录

引入：

自定义枚举：

Enum关键字实现枚举：

Enum原理：

Enum常用方法：

注意

---

引入：

什么是枚举：

        枚举是一个被命名的整型常数的集合，用于声明一组带标识符的常数。

public class eunmTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season spring = new Season("春天", "温暖");
        Season summer = new Season("夏天", "热");
        Season autumn = new Season("秋天","凉快");
        Season winter = new Season("冬天","冷");
        //对于季节而言，它的对象是固定的四个，不会有更多的，这样设计Season，不能体现出季节只有四种
        Season red = new Season("h","s");
        //因此需要使用枚举
    }
}

class Season{
    private String name;
    private String desc;//描述

    public Season(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }
}

 

自定义枚举：

public class enumTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Season1.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season1.SUMMER);
        System.out.println(Season1.AUTUMN);
        System.out.println(Season1.WINTER);
    }

}
//自定义枚举实现
class Season1{
    //1：将构造器私有化，防止被new出来
    //2：去掉set方法，防止该类属性被修改
    //3：在该类内部创建固定的对象
    //4：可以加入final关键字
    //对外暴露对象：public final static

    private String name;
    private String desc;//描述

    //定义四个对象：
    public static final Season1 SPRING=new Season1("春天","暖");
    public static final Season1 SUMMER=new Season1("夏天","热");
    public static final Season1 AUTUMN=new Season1("秋天","凉");
    public static final Season1 WINTER=new Season1("冬天","冷");

    private Season1(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season1{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 

Enum关键字实现枚举：

public class enumTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Season2.SPRING);
        System.out.println(Season2.SUMMER);
    }
}

enum Season2{
    //1：使用关键字enum代替class
    //2：public static final Season1 SPRING=new Season1("春天","暖");----->SPRING("春天","暖");
    //3：如果有多个常量，使用,号隔开即可
    //4：如果使用enum来实现枚举，要将定义常量对象，写在前面
    //5：如果使用无参构造器，括号()都可以省略

    SPRING("春天","暖"),SUMMER("夏天","热"),AUTUMN("秋天","凉"),WINTER("冬天","冷");
    private String name;
    private String desc;//描述

    //定义四个对象：
//    public static final Season1 SPRING=new Season1("春天","暖");
//    public static final Season1 SUMMER=new Season1("夏天","热");
//    public static final Season1 AUTUMN=new Season1("秋天","凉");
//    public static final Season1 WINTER=new Season1("冬天","冷");

    private Season2(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season1{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 

Enum原理：

Java文件编译原理：

查看enum的反编译文件：

 

使用了enum关键字的枚举类都继承了java.lang.Enum类。

练习：

public class enumTest4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Gender boy1= Gender.BOY;
        Gender boy2=Gender.BOY;
        //本质上是调用父类Enum的toString方法，输出该对象的名字
        System.out.println(boy1);
        System.out.println(boy1==boy2);//boy1和boy2指向的同一个常量BOY的地址，所以相等输出True
    }
}

enum Gender{
    BOY,GIRL;
}

 

Enum常用方法：

 

练习：

/*
* Enum类的各种方法：
* */
public class enumTest5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season_test spring=Season_test.SPRING;
        //1:name()方法:输出枚举对象名字
        System.out.println(spring.name());
        //2:ordinal()方法:输出该枚举对象的次序(从0开始)，SPRING是第一个枚举对象，所以输出0
        System.out.println(spring.ordinal());
        //3:反编译可以看见values方法，返回该枚举类的所有对象
        Season_test[] values=Season_test.values();
        for(Season_test season:values){//迭代输出
            System.out.println(season);
        }
        //4:valueOf()将字符串转化成枚举对象，要求字符串必须为已有的常量名，否则报异常
        Season_test spring_test = Season_test.valueOf("SPRING");
        System.out.println("spring_test:"+spring_test);
        System.out.println(spring==spring_test);//true
        //5:compareTo()比较两个，枚举常量，比较的就是两个枚举对象的编号return self.ordinal - other.ordinal;的差值
        System.out.println(spring.compareTo(spring_test));
        //6:toString()输出枚举对象的名字，可以重写该方法，来输出你想输出的东西
        System.out.println(spring);
    }
}

enum Season_test{
    SPRING("春天","暖"),SUMMER("夏天","热"),AUTUMN("秋天","凉"),WINTER("冬天","冷");
    private String name;
    private String desc;//描述

    private Season_test(String name, String desc) {
        this.name = name;
        this.desc = desc;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season_test{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

练习：

创建一个Week枚举类，并输出。

public class enumTest6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Week[] weeks=Week.values();
        for (Week week : weeks) {
            System.out.println(week);
        }
    }
}

enum Week{
    MONDAY("星期一"),TUESDAY("星期二"),WEDNESDAY("星期三"),THURSDAY("星期四"),FRIDAY("星期五"),SATURDAY("星期六"),SUNDAY("星期天");

    private String name;

    Week(String name) {//默认为private
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return  name;
    }
}

 

注意

1：使用enum关键字后，就不能再继承其他的类了，因为enum会隐式的继承Enum，Java是单继承机制。

2：枚举类和普通类一样，可以实现接口，如下形式。

enum 类名 implements 接口1 ，接口2 {}