JavaWeb--JDBC(连接数据库)

JavaWeb–JDBC(连接数据库)

JDBC的介绍
JDBC定义
JDBC一般指Java数据库连接。Java数据库连接,(Java Database Connectivity,简称JDBC)是Java语言中用来规范客户端程序如何来访问数据库的应用程序接口,提供了诸如查询和更新数据库中数据的方法。JDBC也是Sun Microsystems的商标。我们通常说的JDBC是面向关系型数据库的。

JDBC架构
分为双层架构和三层架构。
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JDBC常用API
在开发JDBC程序前,首先了解一下JDBC常用的API。JDBC API主要位于java.sql包中,该包定义了一系列访问数据库的接口和类,具体如下。
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JDBC驱动程序

JDBC驱动程序共分四种类型
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JDBC编程步骤

加载驱动程序:

Class.forName(driverClass)
//加载MySql驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver")
//加载Oracle驱动
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver")

获得数据库连接:

DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/imooc", "root", "root");

创建Statement\PreparedStatement对象:`

conn.createStatement();
conn.prepareStatement(sql);

完整实例

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class DbUtil {

    public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/imooc";
    public static final String USER = "liulx";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.加载驱动程序
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2. 获得数据库连接
        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
        //3.操作数据库,实现增删改查
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user_name, age FROM imooc_goddess");
        //如果有数据,rs.next()返回true
        while(rs.next()){
            System.out.println(rs.getString("user_name")+" 年龄:"+rs.getInt("age"));
        }
    }
}

增删改查(CURD)

public class DbUtil {
    public static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/imooc";
    public static final String USER = "liulx";
    public static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
    private static Connection conn = null;
    static{
        try {
            //1.加载驱动程序
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            //2. 获得数据库连接
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASSWORD);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Connection getConnection(){
        return conn;
    }
}

//模型
package liulx.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Goddess {

    private Integer id;
    private String user_name;
    private Integer sex;
    private Integer age;
    private Date birthday; //注意用的是java.util.Date
    private String email;
    private String mobile;
    private String create_user;
    private String update_user;
    private Date create_date;
    private Date update_date;
    private Integer isDel;
    //getter setter方法。。。
}

//---------dao层--------------
package liulx.dao;

import liulx.db.DbUtil;
import liulx.model.Goddess;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class GoddessDao {
    //增加
    public void addGoddess(Goddess g) throws SQLException {
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql
        String sql = "INSERT INTO imooc_goddess(user_name, sex, age, birthday, email, mobile,"+
            "create_user, create_date, update_user, update_date, isdel)"
                +"values("+"?,?,?,?,?,?,?,CURRENT_DATE(),?,CURRENT_DATE(),?)";
        //预编译
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //预编译SQL,减少sql执行

        //传参
        ptmt.setString(1, g.getUser_name());
        ptmt.setInt(2, g.getSex());
        ptmt.setInt(3, g.getAge());
        ptmt.setDate(4, new Date(g.getBirthday().getTime()));
        ptmt.setString(5, g.getEmail());
        ptmt.setString(6, g.getMobile());
        ptmt.setString(7, g.getCreate_user());
        ptmt.setString(8, g.getUpdate_user());
        ptmt.setInt(9, g.getIsDel());

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public void updateGoddess(){
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "UPDATE imooc_goddess" +
                " set user_name=?, sex=?, age=?, birthday=?, email=?, mobile=?,"+
                " update_user=?, update_date=CURRENT_DATE(), isdel=? "+
                " where id=?";
        //预编译
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //预编译SQL,减少sql执行

        //传参
        ptmt.setString(1, g.getUser_name());
        ptmt.setInt(2, g.getSex());
        ptmt.setInt(3, g.getAge());
        ptmt.setDate(4, new Date(g.getBirthday().getTime()));
        ptmt.setString(5, g.getEmail());
        ptmt.setString(6, g.getMobile());
        ptmt.setString(7, g.getUpdate_user());
        ptmt.setInt(8, g.getIsDel());
        ptmt.setInt(9, g.getId());

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public void delGoddess(){
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "delete from imooc_goddess where id=?";
        //预编译SQL,减少sql执行
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

        //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);

        //执行
        ptmt.execute();
    }

    public List<Goddess> query() throws SQLException {
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT user_name, age FROM imooc_goddess");

        List<Goddess> gs = new ArrayList<Goddess>();
        Goddess g = null;
        while(rs.next()){
            g = new Goddess();
            g.setUser_name(rs.getString("user_name"));
            g.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));

            gs.add(g);
        }
        return gs;
    }

    public Goddess get(){
        Goddess g = null;
        //获取连接
        Connection conn = DbUtil.getConnection();
        //sql, 每行加空格
        String sql = "select * from  imooc_goddess where id=?";
        //预编译SQL,减少sql执行
        PreparedStatement ptmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        //传参
        ptmt.setInt(1, id);
        //执行
        ResultSet rs = ptmt.executeQuery();
        while(rs.next()){
            g = new Goddess();
            g.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
            g.setUser_name(rs.getString("user_name"));
            g.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
            g.setSex(rs.getInt("sex"));
            g.setBirthday(rs.getDate("birthday"));
            g.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
            g.setMobile(rs.getString("mobile"));
            g.setCreate_date(rs.getDate("create_date"));
            g.setCreate_user(rs.getString("create_user"));
            g.setUpdate_date(rs.getDate("update_date"));
            g.setUpdate_user(rs.getString("update_user"));
            g.setIsDel(rs.getInt("isdel"));
        }
        return g;
    }
}

实战操作

实现本地查询

package cn.itcast.jdbc.example;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.sql.Date;
public class Example01 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		Statement stmt = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		Connection conn = null;
		try {
			// 1. 注册数据库的驱动
			Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
			// 2.通过DriverManager获取数据库连接
			String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc";
			String username = "root";
			String password = "123456";
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection (url, username, 
		     			password);
			// 3.通过Connection对象获取Statement对象
			 stmt = conn.createStatement();
			// 4.使用Statement执行SQL语句。
			String sql = "select * from users";
			rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
			// 5. 操作ResultSet结果集
			System.out.println("id | name   | password | email  | birthday");
			while (rs.next()) {
				int id = rs.getInt("id"); // 通过列名获取指定字段的值
				String name = rs.getString("name");
				String psw = rs.getString("password");
				String email = rs.getString("email");
				Date birthday = rs.getDate("birthday");
				System.out.println(id + " | " + name + " | " + psw + " | " + email
							+ " | " + birthday);
			}
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally{
			// 6.回收数据库资源
			if(rs!=null) {
				try {
					rs.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				rs = null;
			}
			if(stmt!=null) {
				try {
					stmt.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				stmt = null;
			}
			if(conn!=null) {
				try {
					conn.close();
				} catch (SQLException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				conn = null;
			}
		}		
	}
}


package cn.itcast.jdbc.example;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement ;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class Example02 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
		Connection conn = null;
		PreparedStatement  preStmt = null;
			try {
	             // 加载数据库驱动
				Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
				String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc";
				String username = "root";
				String password = "itcast";
	             // 创建应用程序与数据库连接的Connection对象
				conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
				// 执行的SQL语句
				String sql = "INSERT INTO users(name,password,email,birthday)"
						+ "VALUES(?,?,?,?)";
	             // 创建执行SQL语句的PreparedStatement 对象
				preStmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
				preStmt.setString(1, "zl");
				preStmt.setString(2, "123456");
				preStmt.setString(3, "zl@sina.com");
				preStmt.setString(4, "1789-12-23");
				preStmt.executeUpdate();
			} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {    // 释放资源
				if (preStmt != null) {
					try {
						preStmt.close();
					} catch (SQLException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					preStmt = null;
				}
				if (conn != null) {
					try {
						conn.close();
					} catch (SQLException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					conn = null;
				}
			}
		}
	}


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