按数据块读写文件
函数fread()和fwrite()用于一次读取一组数据,即按数据块读写文件。
fread()函数
函数的原型:
unsigned int fread(void *buffer, unsigned int size, unsigned int countn, FILE *fp);
功能:fread()函数的功能是从fp所指的文件中读取数据块并存储到buffer指向的内存中。
参数的用途:buffer是待读入数据块的起始地址。size是每个数据块的大小(待读入的每个数据块的字节数)。count是最多允许读取的数据块个数(每个数据块size个字节)。
返回值类型:函数返回的是实际写入的数据块个数
块数据的读写使我们不再局限于一个只读取一个字符、一个单词或一行字符串,它允许用户指定想要读写的内存放大小,最小为1个字节,最大为整个文件。
此实例的程序的前提是在D盘中已经有了一个名为score.txt文件
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define N 30
typedef struct date
{
int year;
int month;
int day;
}DATE;
typedef struct student
{
long studentID;
char studentName[10];
char studentSex;
DATE birthday;
int score[4];
float aver;
}STUDENT;
void InputScore(STUDENT stu[],int n,int m);
void AverScore(STUDENT stu[], int n, int m);
void WritetoFile(STUDENT stu[],int n);
void PrintScore(STUDENT stu[], int n, int m);
int ReadfromFile(STUDENT stu[]);
int main()
{
STUDENT stu[N];
int n, m = 4;
printf("How many student?\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
InputScore(stu,n,m);
AverScore(stu,n,m);
WritetoFile(stu,n);
n = ReadfromFile(stu);
PrintScore(stu, n, m);
return 0;
}
void InputScore(STUDENT stu[],int n,int m)
{
int i,j;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("Input record %d:\n",i+1);
scanf("%ld",&stu[i].studentID);
scanf("%s",stu[i].studentName);
scanf(" %c",&stu[i].studentSex);
scanf("%d",&stu[i].birthday.year);
scanf("%d",&stu[i].birthday.month);
scanf("%d",&stu[i].birthday.day);
for(j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &stu[i].score[j]);
}
}
}
void AverScore(STUDENT stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i, j, sum;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum = 0;
for(j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
sum = sum + stu[i].score[j];
}
stu[i].aver = (float)sum / m;
}
}
void WritetoFile(STUDENT stu[],int n)
{
FILE *fp;
int i,j;
if((fp = fopen("D:\\student.txt","w")) == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
exit(0);
}
fwrite(stu, sizeof(STUDENT), n, fp);
fclose(fp);
}
int ReadfromFile(STUDENT stu[])
{
FILE *fp;
int i,j;
if((fp = fopen("D:\\student.txt","r")) == NULL)
{
printf("Failure to open score.txt!\n");
exit(0);
}
for(i = 0; !feof(fp); i++)
{
fread(&stu[i],sizeof(STUDENT),1,fp);
}
fclose(fp);
printf("Total student is %d.\n",i-1);
return i - 1;
}
void PrintScore(STUDENT stu[], int n, int m)
{
int i,j;
for( i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
printf("%10ld%8s%3c%6d/%02d/%02d",stu[i].studentID,stu[i].studentName,stu[i].studentSex,
stu[i].birthday.year,stu[i].birthday.month,stu[i].birthday.day);
for(j = 0; j < m; j++)
{
printf("%4d",stu[i].score[j]);
}
printf("%6.1f\n",stu[i].aver);
}
}
/将输入的数据写入名为student.txt的文件中/