文章目录
关于C++11的API
初识多线程
void func(void)
{
cout << "run..."<<endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
{
cout << 'a' << endl;
}
cout << endl;
cout << "func end..." << endl;
}
int main()
{
cout << "begin..." << endl;
std::thread tha(func);
tha.join();
cout << "end main..." << endl;
return 0;
}
void func(char c)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
{
printf("func:%c", c);
}
printf("\n");
}
int main()
{
std::thread tha(func, 'A');
std::thread thb(func, 'B');
tha.join();
thb.join();
return 0;
}
多线程可以以值传递
class PtrInt
{
private:
int* ptr;
public:
PtrInt(int x = 0) :ptr(new int(x))
{
cout << "create PtrInt" << endl;
}
PtrInt(const PtrInt& pt) :ptr(new int())
{
if (pt.ptr != nullptr)
{
*ptr = *pt.ptr;
}
cout << "Copy Create PtrInt" << endl;
}
PtrInt& operator=(const PtrInt& pt)
{
if (this != &pt)
{
delete ptr;
ptr = new int();
if (pt.ptr != nullptr)
{
*ptr = *pt.ptr;
}
}
cout << "operator=" << endl;
return *this;
}
~PtrInt()
{
delete ptr;
ptr = nullptr;
cout << "Destory PtrInt " << endl;
}
PtrInt(PtrInt&& pt)
{
if (pt.ptr != nullptr)
{
ptr = pt.ptr;
pt.ptr = nullptr;
}
cout << "move copy PtrInt " << endl;
}
PtrInt& operator=(PtrInt&& pt)
{
if (this != &pt)
{
delete ptr;
ptr = pt.ptr;
pt.ptr = nullptr;
}
cout << "move operator=()" << endl;
return *this;
}
void Show()const
{
if (ptr != nullptr)
{
cout << *ptr << endl;
}
}
void SetValue(int x)
{
if (ptr != nullptr)
{
*ptr = x;
}
}
int GetValue()const
{
if (ptr == nullptr)return -1;
return *ptr;
}
};
void func(PtrInt pt,int x)
{
pt.Show();
pt.SetValue(x);
pt.Show();
}
int main()
{
PtrInt a(10);
thread tha(func,a,100);
thread thb(func,a,200);
tha.join();
thb.join();
return 0;
}
多线程可以指针传递
void func(PtrInt* pt,int x)
{
pt->Show();
pt->SetValue(x);
pt->Show();
}
int main()
{
PtrInt a(10);
thread tha(func,&a,100);
thread thb(func,&a,200);
tha.join();
thb.join();
return 0;
}
可能的结果为:10,100,100,200 或者10,200,200,100或者10,10,100,200等
多线程可以引用传递
void func(PtrInt& pt,int x)
{
pt.Show();
pt.SetValue(x);
pt.Show();
}
int main()
{
PtrInt a(10);
thread tha(func,ref(a),100); //必须加上ref代表以引用的形式传递,否则就回报错
thread thb(func,ref(a),200);
tha.join();
thb.join();
return 0;
}
可能的结果为:10,100,100,200 或者10,200,200,100或者10,10,100,200等
多线程不能进行拷贝构造或者赋值语句,但是可以进行移动赋值或移动构造
int main()
{
std::thread tha(func, PtrInt(10), 20);
//std::thread thb(tha); //error,不允许调动拷贝构造函数
std::thread thb(std::move(tha));
//thb=tha;
thb=(std::move(tha)); //程序会报错,因为当线程thb在进行创建时,无法进行移动
thb.join();
return 0;
}
detach
主线程不会等待子线程结束,如果主线程运行结束,程序结束
void func(PtrInt &pt,int x) //当使用引用的时候,此时主函数结束,对象析构,此时引用了一个已死亡的对象
{
pt.Show();
pt.SetValue(x);
pt.Show();
}
int main()
{
PtrInt prit(10);
std::thread tha(func, ref(prit), 100);
tha.detach();
//std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(10)); //使用睡眠解决
cout << "main end..." << endl;
return 0;
}
joinable
检查当前线程是否处于活跃状态
int main()
{
PtrInt prit(10);
std::thread tha(func, ref(prit), 100);
cout << tha.joinable() << endl;
tha.detach();
cout << tha.joinable() << endl; //当分离出来,线程为0
cout << tha.get_id() << endl;
cout << "main end..." << endl;
return 0;
}
hardware_concurrency
获取线程的逻辑内核
int main()
{
PtrInt prit(10);
std::thread tha(func, ref(prit), 100);
cout << std::thread::hardware_concurrency() << endl;
cout << "main end..." << endl;
return 0;
}