一、人工蜂群算法简介
人工蜂群算法(Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm,ABC)是一种基于蜜蜂采蜜行为的群智能优化算法。该算法模拟了蜜蜂的智能觅食行为,通过蜜蜂之间的信息交流和协作,实现对优化问题的求解。
人工蜂群算法主要由三种类型的蜜蜂组成:雇佣蜂、观察蜂和侦察蜂。雇佣蜂负责在其记忆中的食物源附近进行局部搜索,并与观察蜂分享食物源信息。观察蜂根据雇佣蜂分享的信息,选择较好的食物源进行进一步的搜索。如果某个食物源经过多次搜索后仍没有得到改善,对应的雇佣蜂将转变为侦察蜂,随机搜索新的食物源。
% 人工蜂群算法求解函数最小值问题
% 定义函数
function y = objective_function(x)
y = x^2;
end
% 人工蜂群算法参数设置
numBees = 50; % 蜜蜂总数
numFoodSources = numBees/2; % 食物源数量
maxIterations = 100; % 最大迭代次数
limit = 100; % 控制侦察蜂产生的阈值
rangeMin = -5; % 搜索范围下限
rangeMax = 5; % 搜索范围上限
% 初始化食物源位置
foodSources = rangeMin + (rangeMax - rangeMin) * rand(numFoodSources, 1);
% 计算初始食物源的适应度值
fitnessValues = zeros(numFoodSources, 1);
for i = 1:numFoodSources
fitnessValues(i) = objective_function(foodSources(i));
end
% 迭代搜索
for iteration = 1:maxIterations
% 雇佣蜂阶段
for i = 1:numFoodSources
newFoodSource = foodSources(i) + randn * (foodSources(i) - foodSources(randi(numFoodSources)));
newFoodSource = max(min(newFoodSource, rangeMax), rangeMin);
newFitness = objective_function(newFoodSource);
if newFitness < fitnessValues(i)
foodSources(i) = newFoodSource;
fitnessValues(i) = newFitness;
end
end
% 观察蜂阶段
probabilities = fitnessValues./ sum(fitnessValues);
for i = 1:numFoodSources
selectedFoodSource = randsrc(1, 1, 1:numFoodSources, probabilities);
newFoodSource = foodSources(selectedFoodSource) + randn * (foodSources(selectedFoodSource) - foodSources(randi(numFoodSources)));
newFoodSource = max(min(newFoodSource, rangeMax), rangeMin);
newFitness = objective_function(newFoodSource);
if newFitness < fitnessValues(selectedFoodSource)
foodSources(selectedFoodSource) = newFoodSource;
fitnessValues(selectedFoodSource) = newFitness;
end
end
% 侦察蜂阶段
for i = 1:numFoodSources
if fitnessValues(i) == 0
continue;
end
if iteration > limit && fitnessValues(i) == fitnessValues(1)
foodSources(i) = rangeMin + (rangeMax - rangeMin) * rand;
fitnessValues(i) = objective_function(foodSources(i));
end
end
% 显示当前最佳解
[bestFitness, bestIndex] = min(fitnessValues);
disp(['Iteration ', num2str(iteration), ': Best fitness = ', num2str(bestFitness)]);
end
% 输出最终结果
[finalBestFitness, finalBestIndex] = min(fitnessValues);
disp(['Final best solution: x = ', num2str(foodSources(finalBestIndex)), ', fitness = ', num2str(finalBestFitness)]);
首先定义了目标函数,然后设置了人工蜂群算法的参数,包括蜜蜂总数、食物源数量、最大迭代次数、侦察蜂产生的阈值以及搜索范围。接着,初始化食物源位置,并计算其适应度值。在迭代过程中,依次进行雇佣蜂、观察蜂和侦察蜂阶段的操作,不断更新食物源位置和适应度值,直到达到最大迭代次数。最后,输出最终的最佳解。