OSPF综合实验

OSPF综合实验

 已知:给出的网段为172.16.0.0/16,我们需要划分为6个网段,所以向后借3位

则网段分别为:

        172.16.0.0 /19  ---- area0

                172.16.0.0/24 --- p2p的骨干

                        172.16.0.0 /30

                        172.16.0.4 /30

                        172.16.0.8 /30

                        172.16.0.12 /30

                                ......        

                172.16.1.0 /24 --- MA 的骨干

                        172.16.1.0 /29

                        172.16.1.8 /29 

                        172.16.1.16 /29

                                ......

                172.16.2.0 /24

                        ......

                172.16.31.0 /24

        172.16.32.0 /19 ---- area1

                172.16.32.0 /24 --- p2p的骨干

                        172.32.0 /30

                        172.32.4 /30

                        172.32.8 /30

                        172.32.12 /30

                                ......

                172.16.33.0 /24 --- MA的骨干

                        172.16.33.0 /29

                        172.16.33.8 /29

                        172.16.33.16 /29

                        172.16.33.24 /29

                                ......

                172.16.34.0 /24

                172.16.35.0 /24

                        ......

                172.16.65.0 /24

        172.16.64.0 /19 ---- area2

                172.16.64.0 /24

                172.16.65.0 /24

                172.16.66.0 /24

                        ......

                172.16.95.0/24

        172.16.96.0 /19 ---- area3

        172.16.128.0 /19 ---- area4

        172.16.160.0 /19 ---- rip

                 172.16.160.0 20

                 172.16.176.0 20

  •            注意:其他四种分配都类似

接口网段划分:

   网段划分:        R3-R4 :34.0.0.0  /24

                             R4-R5 :45.0.0.0  /24            

                             R4-R6 :46.0.0.0  /24         

                             R4-R7 :47.0.0.0  /24           

are0配置

 1.配置公网部分全网可达

R4(LSP)配置环回地址 4.4.4.4 24

R3/5/6/7 配置路由缺省 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 X.X.X.X

 测试:

 

 2.配置私网网段实现MGRE

分配私网网段:属于area0 中的一个MA骨干所以分配172.16.1.0 /29这个网段

R3

隧道接口配置ip
[R3]int t 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 29
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]
定义分装类型
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol ?
  gre        Generic Routing Encapsulation
  ipsec      IPSEC Encapsulation
  ipv4-ipv6  IP over IPv6 encapsulation
  ipv6-ipv4  IPv6 over IP encapsulation
  mpls       MPLS Encapsulation
  none       Null Encapsulation
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre ?
  p2mp  Point to multi-point GRE mode
  <cr>  Please press ENTER to execute command 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
定义封装内容
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]sou	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1
Oct  6 2022 18:16:12-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]
目标
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp 	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp ne	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
开启伪广播
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry mu	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast d	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]

R5

[R5]int t 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 29
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tu	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]sou	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source se	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
Oct  6 2022 18:40:33-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhr	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp ne	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nh	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp ?
  authentication  Configure the authentication string for an interface using the
                  NHRP
  entry           NHRP mapping
  network-id      NHRP network id 
  redirect        Configure Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) redirect
  registration    Register
  shortcut        Configure NHRP shortcut information 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp en	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 r	
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]
创建环回,用于用户网段
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
[R5-LoopBack0]

注意:

R6:隧道ip:172.16.1.3 29 定义分装内容:source为端口4/0/0 

R7:隧道ip:172.16.1.4 29 定义分装内容:source为端口0/0/0 其他配置类似

 测试:

[R3]display nhr	
[R3]display nhrp ?
  peer        Peer
  statistics  NHRP statistics information 
[R3]display nhrp pe	
[R3]display nhrp peer al	
[R3]display nhrp peer all 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
172.16.1.3      32    46.0.0.1        172.16.1.3      dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:00:23
Expire time     : 01:59:37
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
172.16.1.4      32    47.0.0.1        172.16.1.4      dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:00:19
Expire time     : 01:59:41
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Protocol-addr   Mask  NBMA-addr       NextHop-addr    Type         Flag         
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
172.16.1.2      32    45.0.0.1        172.16.1.2      dynamic      route tunnel 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Tunnel interface: Tunnel0/0/0
Created time    : 00:00:11
Expire time     : 01:59:49

Number of nhrp peers: 3
[R3]

 

 

基本配置:

are1

R1

[R1]int g 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 29
Oct  6 2022 19:16:14-08:00 R1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]

R2

[R2]int g 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 29
Oct  6 2022 19:17:57-08:00 R2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.1 24
[R2-LoopBack0]

R3

[R3]int g 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 29
Oct  6 2022 19:18:39-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.1 24
[R3-LoopBack0]

测试

 are2

R6

[R6]int g 0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 29
Oct  6 2022 19:26:17-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]

R11

[R11]int g 0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 29
Oct  6 2022 19:26:43-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.1 24
[R11-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add	
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16
                                     ^
Error: Wrong parameter found at '^' position.
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.9 29
Oct  6 2022 19:28:01-08:00 R11 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

R12

[R12]int g 0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.10 29
Oct  6 2022 19:28:40-08:00 R12 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
因为R12后面为RIP所以使用分配的RIP的地址
[R12]
[R12]int l 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.1 20
[R12-LoopBack0]int l 1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip ad	
[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.176.1 20
[R12-LoopBack1]

测试:

 are3

R7

[R7]int g 0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add	
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
Oct  6 2022 19:38:22-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

R8

[R8]int g 0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 29
Oct  6 2022 19:38:47-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.1 24
[R8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add	
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.9 29
Oct  6 2022 19:39:40-08:00 R8 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R8]

R9

[R9]int g 0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add	
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.10 29
Oct  6 2022 19:40:08-08:00 R9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.99.1 24
[R9-LoopBack0]

测试:

are4

R9


[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add	
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 29
Oct  6 2022 19:44:14-08:00 R9 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state. 
[R9-LoopBack0]ip ad	
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.1 24
[R9-LoopBack0]

R10

[R10]int g 0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip ad	
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 29
Oct  6 2022 19:44:54-08:00 R10 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
 on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R10]int l 0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add	
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.1 24

测试:

 

 整个环境OSPF的搭建

R1

创建ospf区域
[R1]os	
[R1]ospf 1 r	
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]ar	
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
宣告网段
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]ne	
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]

R2与R1配置类似 router-id 2.2.2.2

 R3

[R3]os	
[R3]ospf 1 r	
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]dis	
[R3-ospf-1]display ip in	
[R3-ospf-1]display ip interface br	
[R3-ospf-1]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.33.3/29       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.36.1/24       up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial4/0/0                       34.0.0.1/24          up         up        
Serial4/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      
Tunnel0/0/0                       172.16.1.1/29        up         up        
[R3-ospf-1]
[R3-ospf-1]
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0

R5

[R6]os	
[R6]ospf 1 ro	
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]dis	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip ro	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip routing-table br	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip in	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip interface br	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 3
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 3

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              172.16.65.1/29       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              unassigned           down       down      
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.3.1/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Serial4/0/0                       46.0.0.1/24          up         up        
Serial4/0/1                       unassigned           down       down      
Tunnel0/0/0                       172.16.1.3/29        up         up        
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
Oct  6 2022 20:27:58-08:00 R6 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[0]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.16.172, Neighbo
rEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]

R11

[R11]os	
[R11]ospf 1 ro	
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]ar	
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]ne	
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]

R12

[R12]os	
[R12]ospf 1 ro	
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]ar	
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net	
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]
[R12-rip-1]v 2
[R12-rip-1]r 2
             ^
Error:Too many parameters found at '^' position.
[R12-rip-1]ne	
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R12-rip-1]

R7

[R7]os	
[R7]ospf 1 r	
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]dis	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip in	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip interface br	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]display ip interface brief 
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1

Interface                         IP Address/Mask      Physical   Protocol  
GigabitEthernet0/0/0              47.0.0.1/24          up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/1              172.16.97.1/29       up         up        
GigabitEthernet0/0/2              unassigned           down       down      
LoopBack0                         172.16.4.1/24        up         up(s)     
NULL0                             unassigned           up         up(s)     
Tunnel0/0/0                       172.16.1.4/29        up         up        
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
Oct  6 2022 20:33:45-08:00 R7 %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[0]:Neighbor changes eve
nt: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=1.1.16.172, Neighbo
rEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init) 
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]ne	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]

R8与R1类似

R9

[R9]osp	
[R9]ospf 1 r	
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]ar	
[R9-ospf-1]area 3	
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]are 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]net	
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]

R10与R1类似

测试:

 

有R3无法与R5,R6,R7建立邻居关系

更改R3tunnel0/0/0接口/R5/R7/R6接口的p2p为p2mp

原因:p2p接口网络类型只能建立一个邻居关系

[R3]int t 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]os	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf ne	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2	
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp

 

发现缺少are4 与rip的路由信息

 解决:

        1.rip;在边界路由器R12中设置重发布

         2.are4;原因“属于不规则区域”

                        解决方法:1.tunnel接口;2.虚电路;3.重发布

                       采用多进程单向重发布

 

测试

之后将进程1中内容导入进程2中

 

 测试:

 

减少LSA的更新量

1.汇总

are1配置

 are2配置

are3配置 

域外路由汇总

 

测试

2.做特殊区域

area1做成完全末梢区域

要让全部设备变成末梢区域,R2,R3操作与R1相同

变成完全末梢区域需要在ABR(R3)设备上stub no-summary

 测试

 area2做成完全NSSA区域

要让全部设备变成NSSA区域,R6,R12操作与R11相同

变成完全NSSA区域需要在ABR(R6)设备上stub no-summary

测试: 

 area3做成完全NSSA区域

操作与area2类似:ABR设备为R7

测试:

所有设备均可访问R4的环回

 area4区域中配置路由缺省

 

 测试:

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