cobbler

cobbler

cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务,可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机,同时还可以管理DHCPDNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),还提供了API接口,可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版,优点是比较容易配置,还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统,但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成,如Puppet,暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler工作流程

在这里插入图片描述

cobbler集成的服务

  • PXE服务支持
  • DHCP服务管理
  • DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
  • 电源管理
  • Kickstart服务支持
  • YUM仓库管理
  • TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
  • Apache(提供kickstart的安装源,并提供定制化的kickstart配置)

cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件作用
/etc/cobbler/settingscobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxepxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.confweb服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digestweb访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.templatedhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.templatedns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.templatetftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/用于存放distros,system,profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.logcobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

cobbler服务端部署

// 关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# reboot

// 下载软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release  git dhcp-* tftp pykickstart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web

// 开启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.

// 生成密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 
Password: 
Verifying - Password: 
$1$hCq.jrPo$UFIz7qP4aZF5iV09ZUEQd.

// 修改配置文件
[root@localhost cobbler]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$hCq.jrPo$UFIz7qP4aZF5iV09ZUEQd."  //将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
server: 192.168.200.162          //修改为本地ip
next_server: 192.168.200.162     //修改为本地ip

// 重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status cobblerd.service


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
解决报错
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install fence-agents debmirror yum-utils syslinux
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i  's|@dists=.*|#@dists=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i  's|@arches=.*|#@arches=|'  /etc/debmirror.conf  
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service 

//在centos8系统上的loaders目录中的文件传到当前centos7主机上(8系统上要下载缺失文件cobbler get-loaders)
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler
[root@localhost cobbler]# ls
collections             loaders  snippets   web.ss
distro_signatures.json  lock     templates  webui_sessions
grub_config             scripts  triggers

[root@localhost cobbler]# scp loaders/*  root@192.168.200.162:/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/

// 修改tfpt配置
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
service tftp
{
        socket_type             = dgram
        protocol                = udp
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -B 1380 -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        disable                 = no
        per_source              = 11
        cps                     = 100 2
        flags                   = IPv4
}

// 重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl  restart cobblerd

// 配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml 
manage_dhcp: 1


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.200.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.200.162;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.200.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.200.200 192.168.200.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
     class "pxeclients" {
          match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";

// 重启服务并同步配置,改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-13_230530_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Oct 13 23:05:30 2021)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

// 检查dhcp是否正常
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anulp|grep dhcp
UNCONN     0      0            *:67                       *:*                   users:(("dhcpd",pid=37875,fd=7))

// 挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护,将以只读方式挂载

//导入镜像,生成目录centos-7-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos-7 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2021-10-13_230832_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Oct 13 23:08:32 2021)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: centos-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos-7-x86_64
creating new profile: centos-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64 for centos-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

// 查看镜像是否导入成功
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
[root@localhost ks_mirror]# ls
centos-7-x86_64  config

// 查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   centos-7-x86_64

profiles:
   centos-7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:

//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
/查看主机上默认的系统文件,编写自己写的脚本文件需要用到此文件里面的参数
[root@localhost ~]# cat  anaconda-ks.cfg 
#version=DEVEL
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'
# System language
lang zh_CN.UTF-8

# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --ipv6=auto --activate
network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain

# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$NHmjJHLwYKr80zCl$kxtK5Ilwi4qw3ivIuv86tB7uNe9zgVIgC7MBZ5JrFKvObQlOxw8rLljAcLFEJ3TnEF.6IUKEAnQzr2WDS3Xfh/
# System services
services --enabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc
user --name=admin --password=$6$ZalqejTixPnej6hU$bkkYOuB.POeoZ6GTlAnEEnSWa..6EMFnExMtgZqMLKdV3xRY..iFFDraInTgIEhLOO9/CydgvGLhHfwEqN/ii/ --iscrypted --gecos="admin"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
autopart --type=lvm
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --none --initlabel

%packages
@^minimal
@core
chrony
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

// 创建一个脚本文件,有注释的行需要更改,其他保持默认
[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.ks
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url  --url=http://192.168.200.162/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64   //此目录为导入镜像生成的目录 ip为本机ip地址
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $6$NHmjJHLwYKr80zCl$kxtK5Ilwi4qw3ivIuv86tB7uNe9zgVIgC7MBZ5JrFKvObQlOxw8rLljAcLFEJ3TnEF.6IUKEAnQzr2WDS3Xfh/  //改为主机上anaconda-ks.cfg文件中的密码
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal    //和主机上anaconda-ks.cfg文件中参数一致
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

// 检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2021-10-13_232320_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Wed Oct 13 23:23:20 2021)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.200.162/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.200.162/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/centos-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

// 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : centos-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

// 修改profile,将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name centos-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : centos-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : 
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

// 配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name centos-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : centos-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : centos-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

// 同步
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2021-10-13_232936_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Oct 13 23:29:36 2021)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/centos-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: centos-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/centos-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: centos-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/centos-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for centos-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: centos-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

// 解决报错,将下列文件替换
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0  /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp:是否覆盖"/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0"? y
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp:是否覆盖"/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32"? y

// 重启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      5      127.0.0.1:25151                *:*                  
LISTEN     0      5        *:873                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128      *:22                   *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*                  
LISTEN     0      5       :::873                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128     :::80                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128     :::22                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100    ::1:25                  :::*                  
LISTEN     0      128     :::443                 :::*     

客户端安装

新建虚拟机从pxe启动,若出现以下界面则表示成功:
在这里插入图片描述

定制安装

定制安装步骤:

  • 统计服务器mac地址
  • 配置cobbler
  • 安装

统计mac地址此处就不赘述了,直接最重要的配置
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置:
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

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