keepalived高可用

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已于 2022-09-02 13:02:31 修改

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文章标签：网络运维服务器

于 2022-08-31 12:35:04 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_58328312/article/details/126621472

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一.keepalived简介

1.keepalived是什么？

2.keepalived的重要功能

3.keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

三.keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用

1.keepalived安装

2.在主备机上分别安装nginx

3. keepalived配置

4.让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机

5.配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

一.keepalived简介

1.keepalived是什么？

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。

Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。VRRP是Virtual Router RedundancyProtocol(虚拟路由器冗余协议）的缩写，VRRP出现的目的就是为了解决静态路由单点故障问题的，它能够保证当个别节点宕机时，整个网络可以不间断地运行。

所以，Keepalived 一方面具有配置管理LVS的功能，同时还具有对LVS下面节点进行健康检查的功能，另一方面也可实现系统网络服务的高可用功能

2.keepalived的重要功能

keepalived 有三个重要的功能，分别是：

管理LVS负载均衡软件
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
作为系统网络服务的高可用性（failover）

3.keepalived高可用故障转移的原理

Keepalived 高可用服务之间的故障切换转移，是通过 VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,虚拟路由器冗余协议）来实现的。

在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时，主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看，当主 Master 节点发生故障时，就无法发送心跳消息，备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了，于是调用自身的接管程序，接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时，备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务，恢复到原来的备用角色。

那么，什么是VRRP呢？
VRRP ,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol ,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现就是为了解决静态踣甶的单点故障问题，VRRP是通过一种竞选机制来将路由的任务交给某台VRRP路由器的

4.keepalived原理

keepalived高可用架构图

keepalived工作原理描述

Keepalived高可用对之间是通过VRRP通信的，因此，我们从 VRRP开始了解起：
1) VRRP,全称 Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol,中文名为虚拟路由冗余协议，VRRP的出现是为了解决静态路由的单点故障。
2) VRRP是通过一种竟选协议机制来将路由任务交给某台 VRRP路由器的。
3) VRRP用 IP多播的方式（默认多播地址（224.0_0.18))实现高可用对之间通信。
4) 工作时主节点发包，备节点接包，当备节点接收不到主节点发的数据包的时候，就启动接管程序接管主节点的开源。备节点可以有多个，通过优先级竞选，但一般 Keepalived系统运维工作中都是一对。
5) VRRP使用了加密协议加密数据，但Keepalived官方目前还是推荐用明文的方式配置认证类型和密码

介绍完 VRRP,接下来我再介绍一下 Keepalived服务的工作原理：

Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 进行通信的， VRRP是通过竞选机制来确定主备的，主的优先级高于备，因此，工作时主会优先获得所有的资源，备节点处于等待状态，当主挂了的时候，备节点就会接管主节点的资源，然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。

在 Keepalived 服务之间，只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 广播包,告诉备它还活着，此时备不会枪占主，当主不可用时，即备监听不到主发送的广播包时，就会启动相关服务接管资源，保证业务的连续性.接管速度最快可以小于1秒

二.keepalived配置文件讲解

keepalived默认配置文件

keepalived 的主配置文件是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf其内容如下

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {       //全局配置
   notification_email {     //定义报警收件人邮件地址
     acassen@firewall.loc
     failover@firewall.loc
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
   }
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc    //定义报警发件人邮箱
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1    //邮箱服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 30      //定义邮箱超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL          //定义路由标识信息，同局域网内唯一
   vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
   vrrp_strict
   vrrp_garp_interval 0
   vrrp_gna_interval 0
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {        //定义实例
    state MASTER            //指定keepalived节点的初始状态，可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
    interface eth0          //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口，用户发送VRRP包
    virtual_router_id 51    //虚拟路由的ID，同一集群要一致
    priority 100            //定义优先级，按优先级来决定主备角色，优先级越大越优先
    nopreempt               //设置不抢占
    advert_int 1            //主备通讯时间间隔
    authentication {        //配置认证
        auth_type PASS      //认证方式，此处为密码
        auth_pass 1111      //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致，推荐使用8位随机数
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {     //配置要使用的VIP地址
        192.168.200.16
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.200.16 1358 {    //配置虚拟服务器
    delay_loop 6        //健康检查的时间间隔
    lb_algo rr          //lvs调度算法
    lb_kind NAT         //lvs模式
    persistence_timeout 50      //持久化超时时间，单位是秒
    protocol TCP        //4层协议

    sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358   //定义备用服务器，当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端

    real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 {    //定义真实处理请求的服务器
        weight 1    //给服务器指定权重，默认为1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp    //指定要检查的URL路径
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d   //摘要信息
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            url {
              path /testurl3/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
            }
            connect_timeout 3       //连接超时时间
            nb_get_retry 3          //get尝试次数
            delay_before_retry 3    //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
        weight 1
        HTTP_GET {
            url {
              path /testurl/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            url {
              path /testurl2/test.jsp
              digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
            }
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

定制主配置文件

vrrp_instance段配置

nopreempt   //设置为不抢占。默认是抢占的，当高优先级的机器恢复后，会抢占低优先 \
级的机器成为MASTER，而不抢占，则允许低优先级的机器继续成为MASTER，即使高优先级 \
的机器已经上线。如果要使用这个功能，则初始化状态必须为BACKUP。
 
preempt_delay   //设置抢占延迟。单位是秒，范围是0---1000，默认是0.发现低优先 \
级的MASTER后多少秒开始抢占。

vrrp_script段配置

//作用：添加一个周期性执行的脚本。脚本的退出状态码会被调用它的所有的VRRP Instance记录。
//注意：至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> {
          ...
    }
 
//选项说明：
script "/path/to/somewhere"      //指定要执行的脚本的路径。
interval <INTEGER>              //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。
timeout <INTEGER>               //指定在多少秒后，脚本被认为执行失败。
weight <-254 --- 254>           //调整优先级。默认为2.
rise <INTEGER>                  //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。
fall <INTEGER>                  //执行失败多少次才认为失败。
user <USERNAME> [GROUPNAME]     //运行脚本的用户和组。
init_fail                       //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。
 
//weight说明： 
1. 如果脚本执行成功(退出状态码为0)，weight大于0，则priority增加。
2. 如果脚本执行失败(退出状态码为非0)，weight小于0，则priority减少。
3. 其他情况下，priority不变。

real_server段配置

weight <INT>            //给服务器指定权重。默认是1
inhibit_on_failure      //当服务器健康检查失败时，将其weight设置为0， \
                        //而不是从Virtual Server中移除
notify_up <STRING>      //当服务器健康检查成功时，执行的脚本
notify_down <STRING>    //当服务器健康检查失败时，执行的脚本
uthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最大连接数
lthreshold <INT>        //到这台服务器的最小连接数

tcp_check段配置

connect_ip <IP ADDRESS>     //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址
connect_port <PORT>         //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口
bindto <IP ADDRESS>         //发起连接的接口的地址。
bind_port <PORT>            //发起连接的源端口。
connect_timeout <INT>       //连接超时时间。默认是5s。
fwmark <INTEGER>            //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。
warmup <INT>    //指定一个随机延迟，最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0，则关闭该功能。
retry <INIT>                //重试次数。默认是1次。
delay_before_retry <INT>    //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。

三.keepalived实现nginx负载均衡机高可用

环境说明：

主	master	192.168.80.130
备	backup	192.168.80.128

1.keepalived安装

配置主keepalived

//配置网络源以及关闭防火墙，selinux
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@master ~]# reboot

//安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived

//查看安装生成的文件
[root@master ~]# rpm -ql keepalived
/etc/keepalived
/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/bin/genhash
/usr/lib/.build-id
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a
/usr/lib/.build-id/0a/410997e11c666114ca6d785e58ff0cc248744e
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f
/usr/lib/.build-id/6f/ba0d6bad6cb5ff7b074e703849ed93bebf4a0f
/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
/usr/libexec/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/AUTHOR
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/CONTRIBUTORS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/ChangeLog
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/README
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/TODO
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.HTTP_GET.port
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.IPv6
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.PING_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SMTP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SSL_GET
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.SYNOPSIS
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.UDP_CHECK
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.conditional_conf
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.fwmark
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.inhibit
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.misc_check_arg
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.quorum
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.sample
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.status_code
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.track_interface
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtual_server_group
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.virtualhost
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.localcheck
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.lvs_syncd
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.routes
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.rules
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.scripts
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.static_ipaddress
/usr/share/doc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.vrrp.sync
/usr/share/man/man1/genhash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/keepalived.conf.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/keepalived.8.gz
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/KEEPALIVED-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRP-MIB.txt
/usr/share/snmp/mibs/VRRPv3-MIB.txt

用同样的方法在备服务器上安装keepalived

//配置网络源以及关闭防火墙，selinux
[root@backup ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@backup ~]# setenforce 0
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@backup ~]# reboot

//安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# yum -y install keepalived

2.在主备机上分别安装nginx

在主上安装

[root@master ~]# yum -y install nginx

[root@master ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@master html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@master html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@master html]# echo 'master' > index.html      //设置一个网站访问
[root@master html]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master html]# systemctl enable nginx  //设置开机自启
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@master html]# ss -antl
State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process    
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:80                 [::]:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                 [::]:*

在备上安装

[root@backup ~]# yum -y install nginx

[root@backup ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@backup html]# mv index.html{,.bak}
[root@backup html]# echo 'backup' > index.html    //设置一个网站访问
[root@backup html]# ls
404.html  50x.html  index.html  index.html.bak  nginx-logo.png  poweredby.png
[root@backup html]# systemctl start nginx     //启动nginx不必设置开机自启

使用ip访问一下主备的nginx网站页面

3. keepalived配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf 
[root@master keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01    
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 25         
    priority 100                   
    advert_int 1 
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS             
        auth_pass wsm                
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.80.250                 
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.80.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.80.130 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.80.128 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@master keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

配置备的keepalived

[root@backup ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@backup keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
[root@backup keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02    
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 25         
    priority 90                   
    advert_int 1 
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS             
        auth_pass wsm                
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.80.250                 
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.80.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.80.130 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.80.128 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@backup keepalived]# systemctl enable keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.

查看VIP在哪里

//vip在主时，备上就不会有
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bc:e3:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.130/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1588sec preferred_lft 1588sec
    inet 192.168.80.250/32 scope global ens160       //vip
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:e3ff/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       

[root@backup keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:09:3d:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.128/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1104sec preferred_lft 1104sec
    inet6 fe80::7d47:56a1:8851:fb50/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.让keepalived监控nginx负载均衡机

keepalived通过脚本来监控nginx负载均衡机的状态

在master上编写脚本

[root@master ~]# mkdir scripts
[root@master ~]# cd scripts/
[root@master scripts]# ls
[root@master scripts]# vim check_n.sh
[root@master scripts]# vim notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat check_n.sh
#!/bin/bash
nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
        systemctl stop keepalived
fi

[root@master scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
          master)
                  nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
                  if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
                          systemctl start nginx
                  fi
          ;;
          backup)
                  nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
                  if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
                          systemctl stop nginx
                  fi
          ;;
          *)
                  echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
          ;;
esac
                                                                    


[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_n.sh notify.sh

在备上编写脚本

[root@backup ~]# mkdir scripts
[root@backup ~]# cd scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# ls
[root@backup scripts]# vim notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
case "$1" in
        master)
                nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
                if [ $nginx_status -lt 1 ];then
                        systemctl start nginx
                fi                                                                      
        ;;
        backup)
                nginx_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bnginx\b'|wc -l)
                if [ $nginx_status -gt 0 ];then
                        systemctl stop nginx
                fi
        ;;                                                                               *)
                echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"                                        ;;
esac
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh

5.配置keepalived加入监控脚本的配置

配置主keepalived

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb01    
}

vrrp_script nginx_check {
    script "/scripts/check_n.sh"
    interval 1
    weight -20
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 25         
    priority 100                   
    advert_int 1 
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS             
        auth_pass wsm                
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.80.250 
    {
    track_script {
        nginx_check                
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.80.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.80.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.80.130 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.80.128 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}



[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

配置备keepalived

backup无需检测nginx是否正常，当升级为MASTER时启动nginx，当降级为BACKUP时关闭

[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02    
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens160
    virtual_router_id 25         
    priority 90                   
    advert_int 1 
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS             
        auth_pass wsm                
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.80.250                 
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.80.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.80.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.80.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.80.130 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.80.128 80 {         
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived

此时关闭主节点上的nginx，vip会自动转移到备节点

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@master ~]# ss -anlt
State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process    
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                 [::]:*                 
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bc:e3:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.130/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 930sec preferred_lft 930sec
    
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:e3ff/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

查看备节点

[root@backup ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:09:3d:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.128/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 1463sec preferred_lft 1463sec
    inet 192.168.80.250/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::7d47:56a1:8851:fb50/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

vip访问也是备节点网站

当主节点挂掉时，vip由备节点顶替保持服务，当我们将主节点重新启动时，备节点会交出vip继续由主节点来提供服务

[root@master ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@master ~]# ss -anlt
State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process    
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:80                 [::]:*                 
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                 [::]:*                 
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bc:e3:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.130/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 930sec preferred_lft 930sec
    inet 192.168.80.250/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:e3ff/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//vip自动回到主节点

继续由主节点接管vip提供服务

四.脑裂监控

环境说明：

主机	ip
master	192.168.80.131
zabbix服务端	192.168.80.128
zabbix客户端/backup	192.168.80.130

监控出现异常的两种状态：

正常情况下master主机nginx和keepalived为开启，backup主机keepalived为开启nginx为关闭，当master主机发生异常时backup主机通过脚本抢夺vip
当出现脑裂时主备的两台主机都会有vip

所以当备机拥有vip地址时即可监控脑裂发生

编写脚本

在备机上编写脚本

[root@zabbix_agent ~]# mkdir -p /scripts && cd /scripts
[root@zabbix_agent scripts]# vim check_keepalived.sh 
#!/bin/bash
  
if [ `ip a show ens160 |grep 192.168.80.250|wc -l` -ne 0 ]
then
        echo "keepalived is error!"
else
        echo "keepalived is OK !"
fi

//给予权限并且测试
[root@zabbix_agent scripts]# chmod +x check_keepalived.sh 
[root@zabbix_agent scripts]# ./check_keepalived.sh
keepalived is OK !

//修改zabbix文件参数
[root@zabbix_agent scripts]# vim /usr/local/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
UserParameter=check_keepalived,/bin/bash /scripts/check_keepalived.sh    //文件末尾添加监控脚本
[root@zabbix_agent scripts]# pkill zabbix    //重启服务让配置文件生效
[root@zabbix_agent scripts]# zabbix_agentd


//服务端测试
[root@zabbix_server ~]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.80.130 -k check_keepalived
keepalived is OK !

添加需要监控的主机

hosts

添加监控项

添加触发器

可监控到

测试：

让主设备发生脑裂

[root@zabbix_agent ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP   
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 50   //正常情况下此处id主备一致 改为不一致就可以产生脑裂
    priority 90    
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass wangqing
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.80.250
    }
    notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.80.250"
    notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.80.250"
}

virtual_server 192.168.80.250 80 {
    delay_loop 6
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 50
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.80.131 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }

    real_server 192.168.80.130 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 3
        }
    }
}

[root@zabbix_agent ~]# systemctl restart keepalived.service

查看vip

//主机查看
[root@master ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bc:e3:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.131/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 930sec preferred_lft 930sec
    inet 192.168.80.250/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:e3ff/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


//备机查看
[root@zabbix_agent ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:bc:e3:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.80.130/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
       valid_lft 930sec preferred_lft 930sec
    inet 192.168.80.250/32 scope global ens160
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:febc:e3ff/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

并且发出警告

qq_58328312

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keepalived高可用

Keepalived 软件起初是专为LVS负载均衡软件设计的，用来管理并监控LVS集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，后来又加入了可以实现高可用的VRRP功能。因此，Keepalived除了能够管理LVS软件外，还可以作为其他服务（例如：Nginx、Haproxy、MySQL等）的高可用解决方案软件。Keepalived软件主要是通过VRRP协议实现高可用功能的。...
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