【Linux网络编程】线程池实现

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-27 16:27:42 发布

BillySturate

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-27 16:27:42 发布

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分类专栏： Linux网络编程文章标签： linux 算法 c++

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59084325/article/details/127951159

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------------->【Linux系统编程/网络编程】(学习目录汇总) <--------------

文章目录

1.C语言版

视频教程点我查看

1.1 任务队列

// 任务结构体
typedef struct Task
{
    void (*function)(void* arg);
    void* arg;
}Task;

1.2 线程池定义

// 线程池结构体
struct ThreadPool
{
    // 任务队列
    Task* taskQ;
    int queueCapacity;  // 容量
    int queueSize;      // 当前任务个数
    int queueFront;     // 队头 -> 取数据
    int queueRear;      // 队尾 -> 放数据

    pthread_t managerID;    // 管理者线程ID
    pthread_t *threadIDs;   // 工作的线程ID
    int minNum;             // 最小线程数量
    int maxNum;             // 最大线程数量
    int busyNum;            // 忙的线程的个数
    int liveNum;            // 存活的线程的个数
    int exitNum;            // 要销毁的线程个数
    pthread_mutex_t mutexPool;  // 锁整个的线程池
    pthread_mutex_t mutexBusy;  // 锁busyNum变量
    pthread_cond_t notFull;     // 任务队列是不是满了
    pthread_cond_t notEmpty;    // 任务队列是不是空了

    int shutdown;           // 是不是要销毁线程池, 销毁为1, 不销毁为0
};

1.3 头文件声明

#ifndef _THREADPOOL_H
#define _THREADPOOL_H

typedef struct ThreadPool ThreadPool;
// 创建线程池并初始化
ThreadPool *threadPoolCreate(int min, int max, int queueSize);

// 销毁线程池
int threadPoolDestroy(ThreadPool* pool);

// 给线程池添加任务
void threadPoolAdd(ThreadPool* pool, void(*func)(void*), void* arg);

// 获取线程池中工作的线程的个数
int threadPoolBusyNum(ThreadPool* pool);

// 获取线程池中活着的线程的个数
int threadPoolAliveNum(ThreadPool* pool);

//
// 工作的线程(消费者线程)任务函数
void* worker(void* arg);
// 管理者线程任务函数
void* manager(void* arg);
// 单个线程退出
void threadExit(ThreadPool* pool);
#endif  // _THREADPOOL_H

1.4 源文件定义

ThreadPool* threadPoolCreate(int min, int max, int queueSize)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = (ThreadPool*)malloc(sizeof(ThreadPool));
    do 
    {
        if (pool == NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc threadpool fail...\n");
            break;
        }

        pool->threadIDs = (pthread_t*)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t) * max);
        if (pool->threadIDs == NULL)
        {
            printf("malloc threadIDs fail...\n");
            break;
        }
        memset(pool->threadIDs, 0, sizeof(pthread_t) * max);
        pool->minNum = min;
        pool->maxNum = max;
        pool->busyNum = 0;
        pool->liveNum = min;    // 和最小个数相等
        pool->exitNum = 0;

        if (pthread_mutex_init(&pool->mutexPool, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_mutex_init(&pool->mutexBusy, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&pool->notEmpty, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&pool->notFull, NULL) != 0)
        {
            printf("mutex or condition init fail...\n");
            break;
        }

        // 任务队列
        pool->taskQ = (Task*)malloc(sizeof(Task) * queueSize);
        pool->queueCapacity = queueSize;
        pool->queueSize = 0;
        pool->queueFront = 0;
        pool->queueRear = 0;

        pool->shutdown = 0;

        // 创建线程
        pthread_create(&pool->managerID, NULL, manager, pool);
        for (int i = 0; i < min; ++i)
        {
            pthread_create(&pool->threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
        }
        return pool;
    } while (0);

    // 释放资源
    if (pool && pool->threadIDs) free(pool->threadIDs);
    if (pool && pool->taskQ) free(pool->taskQ);
    if (pool) free(pool);

    return NULL;
}

int threadPoolDestroy(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    if (pool == NULL)
    {
        return -1;
    }

    // 关闭线程池
    pool->shutdown = 1;
    // 阻塞回收管理者线程
    pthread_join(pool->managerID, NULL);
    // 唤醒阻塞的消费者线程
    for (int i = 0; i < pool->liveNum; ++i)
    {
        pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
    }
    // 释放堆内存
    if (pool->taskQ)
    {
        free(pool->taskQ);
    }
    if (pool->threadIDs)
    {
        free(pool->threadIDs);
    }

    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pool->mutexPool);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pool->mutexBusy);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pool->notEmpty);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pool->notFull);

    free(pool);
    pool = NULL;

    return 0;
}


void threadPoolAdd(ThreadPool* pool, void(*func)(void*), void* arg)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
    while (pool->queueSize == pool->queueCapacity && !pool->shutdown)
    {
        // 阻塞生产者线程
        pthread_cond_wait(&pool->notFull, &pool->mutexPool);
    }
    if (pool->shutdown)
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
        return;
    }
    // 添加任务
    pool->taskQ[pool->queueRear].function = func;
    pool->taskQ[pool->queueRear].arg = arg;
    pool->queueRear = (pool->queueRear + 1) % pool->queueCapacity;
    pool->queueSize++;

    pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
}

int threadPoolBusyNum(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    int busyNum = pool->busyNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    return busyNum;
}

int threadPoolAliveNum(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
    int aliveNum = pool->liveNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
    return aliveNum;
}

void* worker(void* arg)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = (ThreadPool*)arg;

    while (1)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
        // 当前任务队列是否为空
        while (pool->queueSize == 0 && !pool->shutdown)
        {
            // 阻塞工作线程
            pthread_cond_wait(&pool->notEmpty, &pool->mutexPool);

            // 判断是不是要销毁线程
            if (pool->exitNum > 0)
            {
                pool->exitNum--;
                if (pool->liveNum > pool->minNum)
                {
                    pool->liveNum--;
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
                    threadExit(pool);
                }
            }
        }

        // 判断线程池是否被关闭了
        if (pool->shutdown)
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
            threadExit(pool);
        }

        // 从任务队列中取出一个任务
        Task task;
        task.function = pool->taskQ[pool->queueFront].function;
        task.arg = pool->taskQ[pool->queueFront].arg;
        // 移动头结点
        pool->queueFront = (pool->queueFront + 1) % pool->queueCapacity;
        pool->queueSize--;
        // 解锁
        pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notFull);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);

        printf("thread %ld start working...\n", pthread_self());
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        pool->busyNum++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        task.function(task.arg);
        free(task.arg);
        task.arg = NULL;

        printf("thread %ld end working...\n", pthread_self());
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        pool->busyNum--;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);
    }
    return NULL;
}

void* manager(void* arg)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = (ThreadPool*)arg;
    while (!pool->shutdown)
    {
        // 每隔3s检测一次
        sleep(3);

        // 取出线程池中任务的数量和当前线程的数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
        int queueSize = pool->queueSize;
        int liveNum = pool->liveNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);

        // 取出忙的线程的数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexBusy);
        int busyNum = pool->busyNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexBusy);

        // 添加线程
        // 任务的个数>存活的线程个数 && 存活的线程数<最大线程数
        if (queueSize > liveNum && liveNum < pool->maxNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
            int counter = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < pool->maxNum && counter < NUMBER
                && pool->liveNum < pool->maxNum; ++i)
            {
                if (pool->threadIDs[i] == 0)
                {
                    pthread_create(&pool->threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
                    counter++;
                    pool->liveNum++;
                }
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
        }
        // 销毁线程
        // 忙的线程*2 < 存活的线程数 && 存活的线程>最小线程数
        if (busyNum * 2 < liveNum && liveNum > pool->minNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->mutexPool);
            pool->exitNum = NUMBER;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->mutexPool);
            // 让工作的线程自杀
            for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; ++i)
            {
                pthread_cond_signal(&pool->notEmpty);
            }
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

void threadExit(ThreadPool* pool)
{
    pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
    for (int i = 0; i < pool->maxNum; ++i)
    {
        if (pool->threadIDs[i] == tid)
        {
            pool->threadIDs[i] = 0;
            printf("threadExit() called, %ld exiting...\n", tid);
            break;
        }
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

1.5 测试代码

void taskFunc(void* arg)
{
    int num = *(int*)arg;
    printf("thread %ld is working, number = %d\n",
        pthread_self(), num);
    sleep(1);
}

int main()
{
    // 创建线程池
    ThreadPool* pool = threadPoolCreate(3, 10, 100);
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
    {
        int* num = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int));
        *num = i + 100;
        threadPoolAdd(pool, taskFunc, num);
    }

    sleep(30);

    threadPoolDestroy(pool);
    return 0;
}

2.C++版

视频教程点我查看

2.1 任务队列

2.1.1 类声明

// 定义任务结构体
using callback = void(*)(void*);
struct Task
{
    Task()
    {
        function = nullptr;
        arg = nullptr;
    }
    Task(callback f, void* arg)
    {
        function = f;
        this->arg = arg;
    }
    callback function;
    void* arg;
};

// 任务队列
class TaskQueue
{
public:
    TaskQueue();
    ~TaskQueue();

    // 添加任务
    void addTask(Task& task);
    void addTask(callback func, void* arg);

    // 取出一个任务
    Task takeTask();

    // 获取当前队列中任务个数
    inline int taskNumber()
    {
        return m_queue.size();
    }

private:
    pthread_mutex_t m_mutex;    // 互斥锁
    std::queue<Task> m_queue;   // 任务队列
};

其中 Task 是任务类，里边有两个成员，分别是两个指针 void(*)(void*)和 void*

另外一个类 TaskQueue 是任务队列，提供了添加任务、取出任务、存储任务、获取任务个数、线程同步的功能。

2.1.2 类定义

TaskQueue::TaskQueue()
{
    pthread_mutex_init(&m_mutex, NULL);
}

TaskQueue::~TaskQueue()
{
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_mutex);
}

void TaskQueue::addTask(Task& task)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutex);
    m_queue.push(task);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutex);
}

void TaskQueue::addTask(callback func, void* arg)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutex);
    Task task;
    task.function = func;
    task.arg = arg;
    m_queue.push(task);
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutex);
}

Task TaskQueue::takeTask()
{
    Task t;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutex);
    if (m_queue.size() > 0)
    {
        t = m_queue.front();
        m_queue.pop();
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutex);
    return t;
}

2.2 线程池

2.2.1 类声明

class ThreadPool
{
public:
    ThreadPool(int min, int max);
    ~ThreadPool();

    // 添加任务
    void addTask(Task task);
    // 获取忙线程的个数
    int getBusyNumber();
    // 获取活着的线程个数
    int getAliveNumber();

private:
    // 工作的线程的任务函数
    static void* worker(void* arg);
    // 管理者线程的任务函数
    static void* manager(void* arg);
    void threadExit();

private:
    pthread_mutex_t m_lock;
    pthread_cond_t m_notEmpty;
    pthread_t* m_threadIDs;
    pthread_t m_managerID;
    TaskQueue* m_taskQ;
    int m_minNum;
    int m_maxNum;
    int m_busyNum;
    int m_aliveNum;
    int m_exitNum;
    bool m_shutdown = false;
};

2.2.2 类定义

ThreadPool::ThreadPool(int minNum, int maxNum)
{
    // 实例化任务队列
    m_taskQ = new TaskQueue;
    do {
        // 初始化线程池
        m_minNum = minNum;
        m_maxNum = maxNum;
        m_busyNum = 0;
        m_aliveNum = minNum;

        // 根据线程的最大上限给线程数组分配内存
        m_threadIDs = new pthread_t[maxNum];
        if (m_threadIDs == nullptr)
        {
            cout << "malloc thread_t[] 失败...." << endl;;
            break;
        }
        // 初始化
        memset(m_threadIDs, 0, sizeof(pthread_t) * maxNum);
        // 初始化互斥锁,条件变量
        if (pthread_mutex_init(&m_lock, NULL) != 0 ||
            pthread_cond_init(&m_notEmpty, NULL) != 0)
        {
            cout << "init mutex or condition fail..." << endl;
            break;
        }

        /// 创建线程 //
        // 根据最小线程个数, 创建线程
        for (int i = 0; i < minNum; ++i)
        {
            pthread_create(&m_threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, this);
            cout << "创建子线程, ID: " << to_string(m_threadIDs[i]) << endl;
        }
        // 创建管理者线程, 1个
        pthread_create(&m_managerID, NULL, manager, this);
    } while (0);
}

ThreadPool::~ThreadPool()
{
    m_shutdown = 1;
    // 销毁管理者线程
    pthread_join(m_managerID, NULL);
    // 唤醒所有消费者线程
    for (int i = 0; i < m_aliveNum; ++i)
    {
        pthread_cond_signal(&m_notEmpty);
    }

    if (m_taskQ) delete m_taskQ;
    if (m_threadIDs) delete[]m_threadIDs;
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_lock);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&m_notEmpty);
}

void ThreadPool::addTask(Task task)
{
    if (m_shutdown)
    {
        return;
    }
    // 添加任务，不需要加锁，任务队列中有锁
    m_taskQ->addTask(task);
    // 唤醒工作的线程
    pthread_cond_signal(&m_notEmpty);
}

int ThreadPool::getAliveNumber()
{
    int threadNum = 0;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&m_lock);
    threadNum = m_aliveNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_lock);
    return threadNum;
}

int ThreadPool::getBusyNumber()
{
    int busyNum = 0;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&m_lock);
    busyNum = m_busyNum;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_lock);
    return busyNum;
}


// 工作线程任务函数
void* ThreadPool::worker(void* arg)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = static_cast<ThreadPool*>(arg);
    // 一直不停的工作
    while (true)
    {
        // 访问任务队列(共享资源)加锁
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->m_lock);
        // 判断任务队列是否为空, 如果为空工作线程阻塞
        while (pool->m_taskQ->taskNumber() == 0 && !pool->m_shutdown)
        {
            cout << "thread " << to_string(pthread_self()) << " waiting..." << endl;
            // 阻塞线程
            pthread_cond_wait(&pool->m_notEmpty, &pool->m_lock);

            // 解除阻塞之后, 判断是否要销毁线程
            if (pool->m_exitNum > 0)
            {
                pool->m_exitNum--;
                if (pool->m_aliveNum > pool->m_minNum)
                {
                    pool->m_aliveNum--;
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);
                    pool->threadExit();
                }
            }
        }
        // 判断线程池是否被关闭了
        if (pool->m_shutdown)
        {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);
            pool->threadExit();
        }

        // 从任务队列中取出一个任务
        Task task = pool->m_taskQ->takeTask();
        // 工作的线程+1
        pool->m_busyNum++;
        // 线程池解锁
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);
        // 执行任务
        cout << "thread " << to_string(pthread_self()) << " start working..." << endl;
        task.function(task.arg);
        delete task.arg;
        task.arg = nullptr;

        // 任务处理结束
        cout << "thread " << to_string(pthread_self()) << " end working...";
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->m_lock);
        pool->m_busyNum--;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);
    }

    return nullptr;
}


// 管理者线程任务函数
void* ThreadPool::manager(void* arg)
{
    ThreadPool* pool = static_cast<ThreadPool*>(arg);
    // 如果线程池没有关闭, 就一直检测
    while (!pool->m_shutdown)
    {
        // 每隔5s检测一次
        sleep(5);
        // 取出线程池中的任务数和线程数量
        //  取出工作的线程池数量
        pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->m_lock);
        int queueSize = pool->m_taskQ->taskNumber();
        int liveNum = pool->m_aliveNum;
        int busyNum = pool->m_busyNum;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);

        // 创建线程
        const int NUMBER = 2;
        // 当前任务个数>存活的线程数 && 存活的线程数<最大线程个数
        if (queueSize > liveNum && liveNum < pool->m_maxNum)
        {
            // 线程池加锁
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->m_lock);
            int num = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < pool->m_maxNum && num < NUMBER
                && pool->m_aliveNum < pool->m_maxNum; ++i)
            {
                if (pool->m_threadIDs[i] == 0)
                {
                    pthread_create(&pool->m_threadIDs[i], NULL, worker, pool);
                    num++;
                    pool->m_aliveNum++;
                }
            }
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);
        }

        // 销毁多余的线程
        // 忙线程*2 < 存活的线程数目 && 存活的线程数 > 最小线程数量
        if (busyNum * 2 < liveNum && liveNum > pool->m_minNum)
        {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&pool->m_lock);
            pool->m_exitNum = NUMBER;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&pool->m_lock);
            for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER; ++i)
            {
                pthread_cond_signal(&pool->m_notEmpty);
            }
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

// 线程退出
void ThreadPool::threadExit()
{
    pthread_t tid = pthread_self();
    for (int i = 0; i < m_maxNum; ++i)
    {
        if (m_threadIDs[i] == tid)
        {
            cout << "threadExit() function: thread " 
                << to_string(pthread_self()) << " exiting..." << endl;
            m_threadIDs[i] = 0;
            break;
        }
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}